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Let me know if my understanding of this makes sense:
C is not necessary because even if animals were sometimes referring to concrete objects or abstract ideas with their signals, this is only a necessary condition of language and is not sufficient to confirm that animals in-fact do possess language.
D is necessary because if we sometimes consider animals signaling each other with sounds or gestures to be language, it would make no sense to conclude that animals possessing language is necessarily unconfirmed, as this could be the sometimes case where it would entail possession of language.
does "subjecting him or her to constraint even in what are claimed to be his or her "choices."" not imply that the protaganist thinks they are making free decisions? I feel like its not as easy to rule out A as this is making it sound.
Kevin's a legend at explaining these. I think it's important to note that we don't need to worry as much about the assumptions needed for these answer choices due the the "if true" in the stimulus. You must assume that the answer choices are true. Now given that they are true, which one would resolve the apparent discrepancy the best.
@IvyX I also got 5 wrong but from my understanding now I believe you are correct. The Answer choice needed to conclude that someone either makes a reasonable effort to make sure something is accurate and complete or that they did not act responsibly. You cannot conclude that someone did act responsibly or did not make a reasonable effort due to that requiring you to reverse the conditional statement in the passage. Hopefully this makes sense.
Maybe I'm missing something but how would we know that the rule established for the vague "several decades" being discussed in the first sentence applies to the "mid 1990s into the next decade." What if something other than the number of transistors attributed to the increase in a microchips computing speed? I picked D using process of elimination but I still didn't feel confident about it. Now that i'm thinking about it, is it the referential "each SUCH doubling" that pulls both sentences together?
I didn't like any of the answers and really failed to make the connection between the the books being "short-lived" and that referring to the books longevity. For some reason my brain kept thinking that it was referring to the publishing's being shorter in length. Now I know to watch for that.
Does anyone know of a faster way to do these questions?