I find this section challenging, because I am taking more of a practical approach.

If I am sticking to the rules, Question 2 has a trigger "tends to"; which infers correlation. However, it is causal because of the "to produce" that follows.

Therefore, I got 2 wrong for picking correlation not causation.

Questions 3/5 are also taken from a more practical manner because you are not using the language presented, rather inferring that exterior metrics influenced the effect.

Anyone else?