interested!!

@TriambakaShriram ok I think I figured it out: (b) roughly translates to cat -> / provoke all. when contraposed, this works out to provoke all -> /cat. this is not the same thing as the claim "there is no such thing as a cat incapable of provoking allergic reactions," which would translate to / (cat -> /provoke). it's the exact opposite of (b).

@Kb092100 this was so helpful. thank you so much.

I have a question: c states that smoking can harm others, but it should not be restricted. it breaks the initial conditional, right? we're told if prevent negative effect on others -> restrict. we're given a negative effect, and yet we're not restricting?

@SydneyGriffith I'm still a bit confused. "unwilling" is a looser and less strong of a classification than "constrained." were the domestic novelists really "constrained" if they chose to write didactic novels because they believed in that purpose? I feel like Jewett is more likely to be "unwilling," which signals a choice for her to follow along her conception of fiction as one of art. she isn't willing to steer away from that to include these elements that have generally led to novels like the domestic writers before her.

maybe I'm reading the stimulus wrong, but I interpreted the phrase "it is common for a given cat to cause an allergic reaction in some - but not all - people who are allergic to cats" to break apart and say it is common for a cat to cause a reaction in not all people. so, I chose B.

@Kevin_Lin Honestly, I had a difficult time on this question because I didn't feel that any of the answers solved the paradox, although I now understand that (c) is likely the best option. I was just wondering if there was a differentiation between when an answer like (c) is correct vs. distracting us from the right answer.

Interested!

I feel so frustrated. I didn't choose C because I felt like even if these dams were built with more attention, it doesn't diminish the fact that it runs a higher risk. I feel like that's a common explanation for wrong answers in these questions. What am I missing here?