i picked d, but then switched my answer only because i thought d is just basically repeating the stimuli

isnt hypothesis 2 b to a invalid though?

im not understanding why the correct answer is e, arent we not supposed to make assumptions

@popularpasta i see- i guess what tripped me up is im assuming that "each" means every single student (each) who received a grade lower than a b- missed a class and etc.. am i getting the definition of "each' wrong or am i being too assumtive- or both?

Im still tripped up on how it isnt B because arent those 4 that are not circled (left out) the ones that received a b minus or lower because they missed one class or more