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doneill3389668
Saturday, Aug 07 2021

Two RCs was always a fear of mine, turns out on exam day I didn't get two RCs, lol. Try drilling two sections of each back to back, it worked for me to take some of the fear out of it. Basically my fear with back-to-back RCs was a fear of not being able to focus as precisely as I think I needed to for that time period: fatigue setting in etc. I also read for 70 minutes at a time and took notes 5 days per week in the weeks/month leading up to my exam. Reading books and looking for MP, arguments, assumptions, OPO etc. Ultimately RC sections are the best prep we can do, but I found that reading other things kept me in the LSAT "zone."

Best of luck,

David

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, Aug 04 2021

52-2-10 is a logic game problem. Please correct the citation so I can better assist you.

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doneill3389668
Friday, Jul 30 2021

To be sure: 14-2-8 is about American vs. Soviet academic freedom/method of reasoning question, correct?

(E) is incorrect because it is not descriptively accurate. The argument does not draw a different conclusion from the editorial, the argument merely asserts that the editorial should have done some more explaining.

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doneill3389668
Sunday, Jul 25 2021

(B) is incorrect because it is not necessary that cable television has caused the increase of obesity in the relevant group. The stimulus never delineates any boundary between "television watched" and cable television, so it is not necessary for the functioning of the argument for (B) to happen. Meaning if we negate (B) we can still have a functioning argument. In addition, (B) just focuses on the availability ("widely available") of a specific type of television and not whether it is actually watched/viewed, which is the core of our problem.

For necessary assumption questions we could have several possible assumptions necessary for the functioning of the argument in our anticipation, we are not normally looking to make the argument great, we are looking to prevent it from being bad.

I hope this helps.

Best,

David

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doneill3389668
Friday, Jul 09 2021

@jonathankorger285 said:

I've read quite broadly on a number of topics. Below are some recommendations from each category. Some of these are quite difficult and could be borderline inaccessible depending on your training. If you can get through some of these, it makes RC seem like an article out of Sports Illustrated Kids.

Philosophy

Kant's Critique

Lacan's Ecrits

Anything by Kierkegaard

Dialect of Enlightenment Horkheimer Adorno

History:

Europe: A history (1400 page, absolute beast)

The Rise of the Third Reich

The Origins of Political Order

Economics

Capital

Keynes' TEIM

Or alternatively, Hayke's Road to Serfdom

Hernando De Soto's mystery of capital

Social Injustice

Scarcity by Shafir and Mullainathan

Happiness for all

The broken ladder

Bonus picks

An anthology of essays, maybe Hitchens Arguably

A book with a controversial premise: I picked against empathy by bloom

A guilty pleasure, I like Cormac McCarthy or Steinbeck for these purposes

Solid recommendations, Blood Meridian is imo the best thing an American author of fiction has ever written.

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doneill3389668
Friday, Jul 02 2021

My recommendation would be to run a diagnostic on what went wrong and identify possible areas where you need to work on. To this end you might want to look at your last several PTs, because they can provide insight into what your strengths are and what might need work. If you had timing issues, try then to implement a pacing strategy into your approach.

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doneill3389668
Thursday, Jul 01 2021

Sorry to hear this, it can be tough for sure.

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doneill3389668
Tuesday, Jun 29 2021

Anything other than group 1 would be a negation. If the AC says that A must be in group 1 the true negation is:

A can be in something that is not group 1

This includes all other possibilities other than 1.

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, Jun 23 2021

The practical use I think is twofold. 1. is to shorten/abridge the concepts down to pieces of information that can be read quickly and efficiently, much like how we would abridge rules on logic games down ultimately to quickly and more efficiently use them to help answer questions. So a 5 space sequencing game that gives us a rule that says: A is separated from B by exactly 2 spots with A preceding B. The rule is quite a mouthful and would be inefficient to repeatedly return to each time we were answering a question or making a game board. So we abridge it down to something like: A _ _ B to capture the idea in a glance rather than a whole sentence.

The same goes for "lawgic" The statement given to us might be something that is clunky/convoluted: Unless David can get his car started, he won't be going to the soccer game. We can abridge that down to: SG*---->CS*

The * symbol meaning "David." This allows us to save valuable time. I tell my students that if you can save 10 seconds on a question: that is a victory! In this sense confident and competent lawgic can help us.

The second practical use in my mind is that when we have boiled the concepts down to these more manageable concepts, we can proceed with the various "operations" and combination building that the LSAT expects of us. For a nice illustration of this please see PT 49 Section 2 Question 7.

Sometimes people might say something like "I don't have enough time for lawgic" on LR. I think this is slightly misguided. The time we spent on a solid lawgic set up is time invested and confidence in the answer choice we select. It is well worth the investment and 7Sage's CC has plenty of drills to this end.

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doneill3389668
Monday, Jun 21 2021

I think you are very close. I look at MSS as pretty much exactly what you said: given the statements in the argument, which of the answer choices is most likely to be true. Notice we are pulling something from the argument to support an answer choice.

SA questions are a bit different. The main form is closer to a strengthener in my opinion than a MSS. There can certainly be some overlap, but on SA questions we are essentially saying: what can we add from the answer choices to support the idea that the conclusion given in the problem is more likely to follow from that premise(s) given in the problem?

SAs took me a long time to understand. I think it's because spelling out/articulating exactly what I was supposed to do is not something I was used to doing in my every day life. Take for instance the very reasonable argument that says:

-The NFL player Tom Brady has won 6 Super Bowls

-Therefore Tom Brady is the greatest NFL player of all time

In regular every day speak this seems like a very reasonable argument, essentially if someone were to say this to me when I wasn't in "LSAT mode" I would know what they are saying. But on the LSAT we would want to spell this out explicitly, because there is a gap between that premise and that conclusion: namely that the number of Super Bowls someone has won has something to do with GOAT considerations, (this is a bit weaker than a traditional SA to be honest, but we can phrase that "bridge" stronger if we'd like).

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doneill3389668
Thursday, Jun 17 2021

I'm not sure what about that second sentence indicates that the tastes and smells would cause or have a causal impact on the secondary substances. It seems to me to just be a one way causal relationship that uses referential phrasing.

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, Jun 16 2021

If no other headache pill stops pain faster than Danaxil that means all other headache pills require either more time or the equivalent amount of time.

No one in the classroom is taller than David= everyone in the classroom is either shorter than David or equal in height to David.

This is a helpful concept to memorize because the LSAT will test it again and again.

Other things to look out for: "no more" and "no less" in comparative sentences.

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doneill3389668
Tuesday, Jun 15 2021

RRE questions are my favorite questions on the LSAT. Before we get into this one we should state that the question is decades old, from PT 1. Some older questions might have a slightly different "feel" to them. With that being said, our first goal on RRE questions is to get absolutely certain what needs explaining, what the "paradox" actually is.

Here, what needs explaining/a resolution are the following facts existing at the same time:

The amount of oil considered get-able is the same now as it was in 2011, within this particular area. Let's call this 100,000 barrels.

Ok, pause there. Try this: what could explain this fact by itself, ie this seemingly unchanging amount of oil over this time period? 1. could be that people within this area completely stopped using/consuming the oil: an untouched resource remaining mostly the same.

2. It could be that the people in this area discovered or reached all new amounts of the resource and consumed at a rate that depleted just enough to stay even.

Now take a look at the second half of the problem here, they disqualify those two possible explanations, they cut them off from being the explanation. The second half of our problem tells us that although The amount of oil considered get-able is the same now as it was in 2011, within this particular area: 100,000 barrels yet (important word to pay attention to here) no new oil fields have been discovered: disqualifying explanation 2 above and people didn't stop using the oil, they actually increased usage! disqualifying explanation 1 above.

Let's think of a parallel situation for this problem: I have $100 in my bank account today and had $100 in my bank account on June 16, 2011 and yet I didn't stop using the account and my spending has actually increased!

So the question is written in a way that there could be what I call small solutions to the paradox here, I want to set those aside because they aren't super helpful in our analysis right now.

So one question I asked myself that gets to the core of your inquiry here is that AS READ there is certainly a situation that needs resolution here, but how sure are we that the two ends of this problem are indeed the case? Isn't it possible that we essentially miscounted the first part of our "paradox"? What if we undercounted the 100,000 reserve? What if I miscounted the initial $100 above? The whole issue here is that after increased usage and no "refilling" of the reserves we still have the same amount available.

This is what (E) essentially says: that the reserves were deeper than we thought, that they really contained 150,000 barrels initially but we thought 100,000 barrels and we didn't add to the total and we increased our consumption and now we have 100,000 total barrels. Here we see the qualifiers "extractable" and "unextractable" being used (probably to distract us- lol) but the idea is an undercounting one. That they contained more than we counted initially in 2011. Now, to your question about whether or not this "negates" the premise, I'm not sure. It is an additional piece of information that certainly allows us to reinterpret the premise in such a way that the initial tension fades away a bit. In our bank example this is saying something like: in 2011 I possessed savings bonds that hadn't matured yet, now they have and I continued to spend now I have the same amount of money I had previously.

This problem roughly fits into a set of answers that says essentially: there is no paradox.

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doneill3389668
Sunday, Dec 13 2020

I have a break from law school for the next ~5-6 weeks. if the group needs an experienced test taker to stop by once in awhile for some guidance I would be willing to help!

edit: spelling

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, Jun 24 2020

This should be bumped for how great of a resource it is.

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, Jun 24 2020

Is this question about meteorites/impact craters?

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, Jun 24 2020

@wraith985-4026 @doneill3389668 I am not aware of a single question where the concept of "confusing necessary for sufficient" is conflated in a way to trick us into choosing "confusing sufficient for necessary" in an answer choice or vice versa.

The only thing that I believe comes close to what OP is asking from my reading is PT 51 Section 1 Question 20, where the question gives us:

A---->B

then concludes B

On the basis of A

Answer choice (B) fits this pattern: the denial of the sufficient bringing about the denial of the necessary, but answer choice (E) provides us with:

A--->B

In front of us we have a B

Therefore in front of us we have an A

This is a question (the only one to my knowledge but I could be wrong) where the distinction makes a difference. I did a write up on this question on the comment section found here awhile back:

https://classic.7sage.com/lsat_explanations/lsat-51-section-1-question-20/

I should also note here as a tutor and soon-to-be 1L that we have a few small caveats in how the LSAT describes/the vocabulary around the the suff/necess flaw that we should be aware of:

-The first comes from PT 75 Section 1 Question 12 where answer choice (B) looks like it is describing a flaw but is actually describing the function of a valid contrapositive! Which isn't really even the flaw here for this tough question.

-The LSAT can really hide the Suff/Necess flaw well: please see PT 22 Section 2 Question 25. Here we might be focused on the survey/sample and be diverted from the core flaw.

-If you ever encounter a flaw question where the logic presented looks valid: ie they did an operation with a conditional statement in a way that the logic allows us, then look to the concepts/words for what we could call a "detail creep."

Hope this helps

David

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I recently was able to take part in a discussion with a very well respected and recognizable civ-pro professor. The question I asked the professor was: “is there anything you recommend that an incoming student learn or be aware of before they come into your classroom?” The professor answered with a very relaxed response that essentially stated: you could skim a commercial outline over the summer but you don’t have to, mostly relax and maybe read a novel [Paraphrase].

I found the answer shocking but it is also indicative of a response one gets quite often when asking this question. Some of the forms this answer takes are: “don’t bother learning anything.” “Don’t bother learning any substantive law, you don’t know what your professor is going to focus on.” Before I continue I should with full disclosure state that:

-I have yet to attend law school (This August I will be: God willing!)

-I did not study law in school formally and have never worked a legal job, my interest in law mainly comes from life experiences and my own independent watching of the news in my home country of the USA.

So ultimately because I come to this issue from a particularly inexperienced perspective, I might be completely wrong about my analysis so wanted to start this discussion as an open and transparent way of evaluating the arguments for and against doing 0L prep and to what extent.

My position:

Is a student in a better position if they go into an American law school not knowing anything at all about the law? Is that student going to be better prepared for a Con law class for instance if they have never heard of the 5th Amendment or the 14th amendment beyond a law and order rerun? Is that student going to be better prepared for a property class if they have never heard of the legal concept of trespass? Is a student better off as a “blank slate” to both learn the law, understand how that law might be applied to cases and then contextualize that information to such a degree that they can both effectively issue spot and know what is important for their professor come exam season?

I think the resounding answer to each of these questions is no, if we define “better off” as engaging with the material in a more meaningful way and doing better on exams, a student that knows something: what the basic elements of a contract are for instance, will be better prepared for the rigors of 1L than a student that knows nothing. As I have stated previously, I don’t know of any other domain of knowledge acquisition where an individual would be better off coming into something as a complete blank slate, think of how these pieces of advice (that are routinely uttered online in response to the 1L prep question) would sound:

1.The summer before med school, it doesn't help to know what the major functions of the liver are

2.The weeks before auto mechanic school, it is a waste of time to know what the major components of a car's fuel injection system are.

These pieces of advice hinge on a key assumption: that everything you could possibly need to know for the grades that largely (but not exclusive) determine your future employment will be dispensed in the classroom time. Could this be true? Airing on the side of caution, I would say no, but of course, my experience here is limited. Even if this is true, even if the exams are exclusively determined by what is stated in class, doesn't it help to come into the class with some background knowledge of the topic to be able to distill that information effectively? So for me personally, I just don’t believe the professor, respectfully. Civ-Pro is one of the most convoluted subjects I have ever looked into, with all due respect, I would rather struggle now when I have 2 hours per day to spare with the basics, then to struggle later, when 1L grades are on the line and my anxiety is running high and the cases we are reading are based on the foundations I’’m struggling at the very same time to learn. For me personally the question is not should one spend any time studying, but rather: how much time should be spent?

With that position outlined I should take the time to ask other 7Sagers:

-Did you 1L prep?

-If you did, did you feel better able to engage with the material?

-If you didn’t, do you wish you did?

-If you didn’t, did you feel “behind”?

-What do you wish you did differently?

*Fallacy alter: we might not be able to tell what the causal mechanism for being “prepared” here is. 1L prep or not.

So for me personally the question becomes: how much should I study? I have never heard the blank slate idea defended properly. I’m open to hear this case.

So for me, my plan is to read some outlines, continue taking the 7Sage courses, explore LarryLawLaw’s practice exam, read “getting to maybe” as well as some other 1L resources for bout 2 hours per day, schedule permitting. My plan is to be ready with the basics of each subject so I can build upon that knowledge and take practice exams. I don’t plan on writing a masters thesis on the origins of the 5th Amendment in British Common Law, lol, but giving myself some tools to be ready for the material. Gunner much? maybe… But as of this writing I simply cannot buy the blank slate approach.

*Full disclosure, no one paid me for this as an endorsement for anything, I receive no monetary kickback from anything I mentioned, this post is rooted in genuine curiosity and an attempt to stimulate engaging conversation with the users on this forum.

Questions for my fellow 0Ls:

-Are you prepping for 1L and if so, why and how?

-If not, why?

-Want to form an online study group, maybe reach out to some professors as guest speakers and review material together?

I should note here that I will commit myself to following up come 1L the best I can on these boards, particularly trying to answer the question: how much did 1L prep help me?

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doneill3389668
Monday, Jun 01 2020

I've gone over this one with several students. It is bad but not the worst imo, the person is taking a selfie essentially. I have a scar on my forehead that I see in the mirror each day, but it looks "different" when I see myself in a picture from a non-mirror perspective, not too much of an unbelievable stretch imo.

52-1-16 comes to mind: unicorns/centaurs. Rumor has it that a study group once spent upwards of 9 hours on this single question.

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, May 13 2020

As far as improving our ability to analyze arguments on LR and RC you're correct in my estimation in your assertion that previous LSAT materials will be your best bet.

As far as supplemental material I would suggest just reading more and asking yourself questions about the material you have read: main point, supporting premises, context, assumptions, fallacies etc. Of course this is difficult for novels etc, but novels can often provide us with the opportunity for a close reading/expansion of vocabulary, referential phrasing practice etc.. So this is the first skill we can pull from outside material.

The second skill we could pull from outside material is just being aware of different types of research and stories even vaguely.

I have a running list of articles and topics that I have a feeling the LSAT will probably eventually make questions about that I share with my students. Here is one example from the NY Times about insects that learn "logic"

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/09/science/paper-wasps-logic-test.html

This article has the makings of an LR question all over it imo! lol

Lastly, whenever I have a chance I recommend Douglas Walton's book "Informal Logic: A Handbook for Critical Argumentation" as I am absolutely convinced that the LSAT writers have read this book.

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doneill3389668
Friday, May 01 2020

Many, many games have a similar underlying structure. This is the core of what makes games a section that we can prepared for with a certain degree of confidence. Take for instance pt 33 game 1 and pt 38 game 1. In addition to the many examples of games having a similar structure, there is what I call "inherent constraints" within each type of game that often have a remarkable degree of continuity. Take for instance the idea on a sequencing game that we cannot push something off the board to the right or before the board on the left. This is what often allows mini-inferences to emerge.

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doneill3389668
Thursday, Apr 30 2020

1.0, normal speed. I did debate in college, I made the decision after to never listen to anything in above normal speed again lol!

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doneill3389668
Tuesday, Apr 28 2020

I think the question as it is currently phrase is a bit akin to asking: I'm learning German, what are the most important words or phrases? Pretty much any advice you receive when the question is phrased like this is going to be less than complete and therefore might not get you the results you are looking for. We are not fully aware of what it is you know or don't know as it currently stands.

Instead, my suggestion is to run a full diagnostic on what it is you are missing.Scoring in the low 160s means you are missing roughly 26 questions per exam. Gather up your last several exams and see if any patterns emerges: are you missing flaw questions at a certain rate? Are you missing inference questions on reading comprehension at a certain rate? How is your conditional logic? If a pattern emerges then focus on becoming familiar with those question types with the help of 7Sage's core curriculum and the practice sets.

Note here that this approach has its weaknesses, as it might not be readily apparent why you are missing the thing you are missing. It might be a core reasoning pattern that needs work, something like causation. If this is the case, the 7Sage CC is still a great resource for your improvement but it is possible that the reasons for the misses are harder to tract down and focus on.

Lastly, let's take a step back and put what you are trying to do into focus. You are trying to move from the ~80th percentile of all test takers to something like the ~98th percentile of all test takers. There is no magic formula for this jump, there are no panaceas. Instead for many this move consists of being really good, reliable/consistent and confident in everything on the exam. So given your goals, to answer your core question: everything is useful to learn and internalize in 7Sage's CC.

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doneill3389668
Monday, Apr 27 2020

@lucykelly459 I have always wondered about your 4th sentence. I mean this respectfully, as you know I follow and love your posts: how could this be true? I mean if an individual decides to invest some time into learning the basics of a subject: say contracts, even if the professor makes the class and therefore the exam, doesn't a general understanding of the basics as long as it isn't so specific actually put the student in a better position come 1L? I am of course assuming here that the student in question did not major in some sort of law and/or lacks legal work experience etc.*

I'm curious how you would weigh the following scenario: is a student in a better position not knowing anything about the First Amendment or that a contract could be governed by the UCC or the Common Law come 1L? Wouldn't this put the student in the position where they must learn the basics of law and the specific application/interpretation the professor teaches at the same time in 1L? Couldn't we mitigate this workload by pre-studying the law?

I think I understand a drawback of this approach: that an individual might learn something too specific or put the wrong emphasis on something etc, but wouldn't an emphasis on general aspects of the law benefit the student come 1L? If your 4th sentence is to be believed then it would follow that a student would be better off as a 1L blank slate because professors make the class rather than someone who has studied enough that they can hopefully engage with the complexity of the material and hopefully grasp where the professor is going with their analysis. It just seems counter-intuitive to me because it seems you are endorsing an approach that the less an individual knows going into 1L, the better off they will be. I look forward to a discussion on this. I mean, this advice wouldn't necessarily apply to any other domain I can think of, please feel free to correct me:

1.The summer before med school, it doesn't help to know what the major functions of the liver are

2.The weeks before auto mechanic school, it is a waste of time to know what the major components of a car's fuel injection system are.

I will add that I recently asked a very well known American law professor about this. I asked them about pre studying the law and they took a laissez faire position and nonchalantly said: "you could take a stroll through a commercial outline over summer to get vaguely familiar with the subject matter, but that isn't necessary."

I do mean the above as respectfully as possible, all caveats in place: I am a 0L, I have only taken a few practice exams, I lack the experience disclaimer, disclaimer, disclaimer.

Would love to hear others weigh in here on 0L prep? Worth it to know the basics?

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doneill3389668
Wednesday, Apr 22 2020

The way that I like to look at it is that the premise and conclusion exist together with some varying level of support. Imagine a continuum where on one side the conclusion was really well supported by the premise(s): think validity or near validity and another end where the conclusion existed completely separated from the premise as far as support goes: we might call this a non sequitur or a conclusion that comes out of left field.

I look at our job on the LSAT with SA questions as to take an argument (premise(s) and conclusion) and add an assumption to that argument that together with the existing structure brings the argument as a whole towards the really well supported area of that continuum mentioned above: ie making the argument valid/air tight or really really close to being valid. One of the most common ways that we do this on the LSAT is to state with an answer choices something that says: If premise then conclusion. This tells us that the premise leads by the laws of logic to the conclusion (remembering here, as my students who might be reading along right now undoubtably recall me stating as fundamental to this process: the contrapositive is always fair game.) There is an enormous amount to discuss here, but this is the nucleus of what we are doing with SA questions. In a sense, I use the following phrase to describe what we are doing with SAs: we are using what we have in the stimulus along with what we provide with the answer choice to get to where we need to be: an argument where the conclusion follows from the premise and the inclusion of the answer choice. We are making the argument better!

For NA questions we are often not making the argument great, but rather, we are preventing it from being worse off! The above commenter's post is really helpful in this regard, we are often with an answer choice mentioning something that MBT. in that sense we can look at an NA as: if this conclusion follows from this premise(s) then what must be true in the background of that argument? Sometimes these answer choices are stated in the affirmative, sometimes they are stated in the negative (a blocking necessary assumption). Notice here that these type of answer choices on NAs don't guarantee or push the argument in its totality too much towards that air tight/logically valid side of the continuum, instead, stating these answer choices prevent the argument from collapsing in on itself towards the non-sequitur or no support side of the continuum.

For NA questions our job might include the possibility of an assumption very much similar to that of SA: where we are in a specific sense bridging premise to conclusion. In that sense we might have some overlap between the job we are doing on NAs and the job we are doing on SAs. One specific example of this is when an argument has one single core assumption: that assumption could be both sufficient and necessary. More than likely when folks speak about bridging NAs they are talking about a bridge from premise to conclusion in a way that is necessary and not sufficient.

I hope this helps.

There are a ton of times here where more detail is required*

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