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keanexavier344
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keanexavier344
Wednesday, Mar 30 2016

@ I've recently become discouraged at the pace of my preparation. Thank you for renewing my faith in this process. The advice you offer here, and elsewhere, is invaluable.

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keanexavier344
Wednesday, Mar 29 2017

Congratulations to all selected. I'm hoping for better luck on seven!

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keanexavier344
Thursday, Mar 23 2017

@ said:

I'd be shocked to see anything like this on a contemporary LSAT though, so let's hope this discussion is just an interesting hypothetical!

Indeed - let's hope! Thank you for your help!

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keanexavier344
Thursday, Mar 23 2017

Thanks, @! It just felt weird to be able to infer these things. It seems that disregarding the existential fallacy has implications of its own, which I hadn't thought of until seeing this argument form.

PS - that picture is hilarious.

Hello, all:

Just so you don't have to bring up the curriculum or your notes, argument form six is as follows:

A → B

A → C

B ←s→ C

I don't have a question about why we may infer "B ←s→ C" from the premises above, but rather, I have a question about the inferences we can make from the individual premises themselves, inherently.

From what I understand, without a background in formal logic (or informal logic, for that matter), it seems we assume that universally quantified statements imply the existence of their subjects on the LSAT. This is what allows us to infer "most" and "some" from "all" on the LSAT - correct? If this is the case, then can't we infer "/B -m→ /A" and "/B ←s→ /A" from "A → B" (or /B → /A) and "/C -m→ /A" and "/C ←s→ /A" from "A → C" (or /C → /A)?

I'm not sure whether we'd be tested on these inferences if we're indeed able to infer them, or if past LSATs have tested them at some point, but I thought I'd ask. Presumably, LSAC is testing our ability to see that the premises above, "A → B" and "A → C," allow us to infer "B ←s→ C."

Thank you all for your time! Best wishes to you all in your studies!

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keanexavier344
Friday, Jul 22 2016

Ah, I did miss the "can" from the original statement, didn't I? That makes sense. It seems that I have more reading to do: modal operators. Thank you, @, for taking the time to respond at length. I much appreciate it.

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keanexavier344
Wednesday, Mar 22 2017

I would love to be entered into the lottery - thanks!!

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keanexavier344
Friday, Jul 22 2016

I'm in the midst of a similar gap, and I cannot recommend this approach enough. Not only will you ensure that you'll be able to maximize your score, and thus your chances that you'll be able to attend the school of your choice, you'll grow personally, too. The reading and writing and personal exploration that I've done in my leisure, when I'm not studying, has been invaluable. Take that year - or more, if necessary - with confidence. You won't regret it.

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keanexavier344
Friday, Jul 22 2016

Thank you both for your input, @ and @! Both of you provide great advice and thoughtful responses throughout the forums, and I appreciate your responses here.

Let me ensure that I follow, @. Forgive me if I don't; I don't have a background in logic, although I'm interested in learning as much as I can.

From what I've gathered from your post and from Stanford's discussion of the matter, which is at times esoteric, generic statements express generalizations of individuals of a kind or predicate properties of a kind itself, but these statements aren't quantified - that is, they lack determiners or adverbs of quantification and do no thus provide specific information about the number of members of a kind that have the property or characteristic that is attributed to that kind. Although Gen is an operator that functions like an adverb of quantification, it is not considered a quantifier because it cannot convey how much or how many. In this sense, it cannot be said to share meaning with any of the other quantifiers, such as "all" or "most" or "some," and cannot be equated with them. Generic statements, furthermore, cannot be simply considered universal statements because a generic statement can be true with exceptions - unlike a universal statement.

For these reasons, I cannot infer from the generic statement "small animals move more rapidly than large animals" that all small animals share that ability. The quantity of small animals that move more rapidly than large animals is uncertain. Thus, I cannot equate the original generic statement to the universal statement "all small animals move more rapidly than large animals." So in negating this generic, we simply negate it to "it's not the case that (gen) small animals move more rapidly than large animals," from which we can infer that an unspecified quantity of small animals must either move equally rapidly or less rapidly than large animals.

Am I on the right track? Would you add or correct anything? Thank you for sharing your knowledge! Generic statements are quite interesting, indeed.

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Wednesday, Jul 20 2016

keanexavier344

Negation Help

Hello, all!

I have a question about the negation of a particular comparative statement that I encountered in the third quiz on negation in the curriculum. Here is that statement: "Small animals can move more rapidly than large animals can." That statement is, of course, negated as others are: "It's not the case that small animals can move more rapidly than large animals can." But the implications of this negated statement confuse me. The implications of this statement are explained to be that either (1) small and large animals move with equal rapidity or (2) large animals move more rapidly than small animals. But why must the entire group of small animals either move in one of these two ways? Don't these implications only account for the negation of the quality on which the two groups are being compared, yet neglect the quantity? Isn't the original statement quantified?

I have a feeling that I'm not being clear, so let me explain further.

Because the author is talking about these animals as sets - small animals and large animals - can we infer that he or she is talking about all small animals and all large animals? Can we thus read this statement as, "All small animals can move more rapidly than large animals can"? If we can, would not the negation of this statement be, "Some small animals cannot move more rapidly than large animals"? From this statement, we would know that there is at least one small animal (yet possibly all) that cannot move more rapidly than large animals. And because we would know that at least one small animal animal (yet possibly all) cannot move more rapidly than large animals, we would also know that there is at least one small animal (yet possibly all) that moves either equally rapidly or less rapidly than larger animals can. Isn't this all that we need to negate the original statement - merely one small animal that moves equally rapidly or less rapidly as large animals? This would deny the truth of "small animals move more rapidly than large animals," wouldn't it? Wouldn't this account for both the quality on which these groups are being compared and the quantity?

Of course, my entire paragraph above relies on an assumption about which I'm unsure that I can make: I took for granted the we can read the original statement as, "All small animals can move more rapidly than large animals." Perhaps we cannot read that statement as such. If so, why? And if that's the case, are we simply to negate the statement in terms of the quality on which the two groups are being compared, as the answer reflects above? (I.e., the negation of this statement would simply mean that small animals, as a group, can either move equally rapidly or less rapidly than large animals, as a group.)

I hope this is clear. If not, I apologize. I'm confused myself.

Any help on how I am to go about negating this statement would be much appreciated. Thank you all for your time!

(I'll be leaving for work soon, so I'll respond to any posts either later this evening or tomorrow morning!)

PrepTests ·
PT103.S2.Q25
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keanexavier344
Thursday, Oct 19 2017

I suppose my only qualm with this question is this: just because the sculpture is unpopular doesn't mean that the public feels it isn't beneficial. Perhaps they hate it but recognize the beneficial nature of all art, regardless of whether it's well received. We simply don't know whether the public feels it's beneficial or not, and it seems the argument is assuming the equivalence of popularity and perceived benefit, isn't it? Would love to hear input on this. Thanks!

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Wednesday, Dec 16 2015

keanexavier344

Seeking Preparation Advice

Hello, 7Sage community.

I've lurked on these forums without posting for long enough. So here I am, humbly seeking advice from the wonderful 7Sage community. You'll have to forgive me, though, as brevity has, at times, eluded me. I suspect that this will be one of those instances, as I've not had anyone to reach out to in my LSAT preparation. Studying for the LSAT has been, thus far, a lonely endeavor.

After a few months of intense studying, typically pushing myself to study anywhere from 6 -- 10 hours a day for six or seven days a week, I burned myself out. In fact, I didn't know the extent to which I was burned out until I read Jonathan Wang's enlightening post on the subject. After some much needed reflection, I've realized that I had come to fear the LSAT, to fear failure--a mindset hardly conducive to effective learning and eventual mastery. So I took a few weeks off to clear my mind and reflect and meditate upon my fears and my mindset. I now feel ready to resume my studying, but I'm confused as to how to proceed.

You see, in the month leading up to my burnout, I, like many of you, became unsatisfied with the preparation materials that I had purchased from PowerScore (for LG and LR) and Manhattan LSAT (for LG). In my humble opinion, their preparation materials are lacking. Although I observed significant increases in my BR score over the last few months, unexpectedly observing a rise from a 157 (diagnostic) to ~170 (give or take a point) during BR, I always wondered whether or not I truly grasped the material and whether or not my methodology would translate on judgment day, during which all weaknesses are exposed. I wondered whether my increase was simply due to the enormous amount of time I spent with the LSAT or whether it was the result of their advocated methodology.

About halfway through my preparation, I stumbled across 7Sage's wonderful resources: the BR method, the LG videos, the articles penned (or typed, rather) by you wonderful individuals. As I increasingly supplemented my studying with 7Sage's methodology, I came to question all of the advice I had received from PowerScore and Manhattan LSAT. When I came across a suggestion that seemed odd for LGs in my other preparation material, JY's videos always seemed to offer a more sensible approach. I've come to trust the quality of 7Sage's resources and the individuals that maintain this growing community, and I'd like to implement 7Sage's curriculum into my preparation moving forward.

The thing is, I'm stuck. I've worked halfway through the PowerScore LR Bible and nearly all (I'd estimate 5/6) of the way through PowerScore's LG Bible and Manhattan's LG book, too. I've completed a number of RC sections and LR and LG questions (drilling specific question types) using the Cambridge PDF bundles. I've already completed nearly half of the material recommended by Pithypike on TLS. Thus, I wonder whether or not it'd be wise to begin 7Sage's curriculum at this point in my preparation. I do have the gift of time, which is undoubtedly a blessing. I'm lucky enough to be able to take the LSAT whenever I feel prepared enough to do so. My goal is, as everyone's should be, 180, and I won't take the LSAT until I'm scoring in the high 170s.

With that in mind, I ask how all of you wonderful individuals would approach integrating 7Sage's curriculum into my preparation moving forward. Would you simply integrate it and treat earlier sections, or those that I've completed in PowerScore and Manhattan LSAT, as "review"? Or would you start over, armed with an increased familiarity of the test, and learn to apply 7Sage's methods? (I suspect the latter to be more enriching, as I'm sure that the methods I'll learn in completing 7Sage's curriculum will be far superior to those that I've learned thus far and will require conscious and diligent application if I'm to master them.)

Also, I've read that many of you are supplementing the 7Sage curriculum with Mike Kim's The LSAT Trainer. I'm also wondering what materials are recommended for completing the course. I have the Cambridge PDF bundles of LSAT questions by type for 1 -- 38 and full-form tests from 38 -- 70. May I make use of these materials? Should I purchase Mike Kim's textbook if I'm to complete 7Sage's curriculum? I'm confused as to what materials I must have to complete the course.

To those of you that have read this incredibly long post, I truly thank you. If you've any input at all, I'd like to hear it. Thank you, again, 7Sage community.

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keanexavier344
Wednesday, May 16 2018

Also, if you like classical rock 'n' roll, such as AC/DC or Led Zeppelin (among a litany of others), you should check out Greta Van Fleet. They've crafted a classical rock sound with an astonishing similarity. When I heard them, I couldn't believe they were a contemporary band.

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keanexavier344
Wednesday, May 16 2018

For R&B artists, I'm surprised Frank Ocean hasn't been mentioned on this thread--that is, if I haven't missed mention of him. Beyond Frank, you should look into Moses Sumney's new album, Aromanticism, which draws on R&B and neo-soul influences. James Blake's The Color in Everything album is also phenomenal, and it features a more electronic-focused R&B sound. There's also Sampha, whose Process album is similarly an electronic approach to R&B, though with more soul influence. Sampha collaborated with some big-name artists in the industry as a producer before embarking on a solo career. Oh, and I'd be remiss if I didn't mention Anderson .Paak, whose Malibu album I couldn't stop playing for a year.

For indie-pop artists, I'd recommend Rainbow Kitten Surprise's new album, How to: Friend, Love, Freefall, which flirts with indie-pop and hip-hop genres. Along the same lines, in that they have a similar sound, I'd also encourage you to listen to Magic City Hippies' EP, Hippie Castle EP. (I am not kidding about those names.)

If you listen to folk and alternative, my favorite artists, by far, are Bon Iver--who also, in a tangential but somewhat related note, collaborated with James Blake on his The Color in Everything album and has other collaborative projects in Volcano Choir and The Shouting Matches--the Fleet Foxes, and Andrew Bird. I'd recommend everything by these artists, though the Fleet Foxes' Helplessness Blues and Bon Iver's Bon Iver album were, and remain, particularly important to me. They both grapple with how to make meaning and sense of the world, and I listened to those albums at a time where that exploration resonated with me.

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keanexavier344
Monday, Feb 13 2017

Thank you, @, @, @, and @ for your responses. Each provided me with a different perspective from which to think about the issue. You've steered me back on track. I hadn't been thinking about this properly. But I've spent far too long thinking about this today, so it's time for a break! Thank you all for your time!

Hello, all!

After personal reasons forced me to step away from the LSAT for some time, I'm just now getting back into the swing of things. What was clear to me back then is not as clear to me now. Thus, I must ask: why can't we infer "B most A" from the statement "A most B"? Perhaps what I'm struggling most to grasp is this: what does one assume in making this erroneous inference?

Thank you all for your time!

PrepTests ·
PT104.S4.Q23
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keanexavier344
Thursday, Feb 11 2016

We are told that much of today's literature is inferior. This is because most authors are intellectually and emotionally inexperienced, and their works lack intricacy and focus on the significant. However, the author says, H's novel is promising because it shows a maturity, complexity, and grace that exceeds her earlier works.

Most of the answer choices try to bait you into comparing H's novel with other contemporary works. However, we cannot do this. All we know is that much of today's literature is inferior because it lacks three qualities that characterize good literature. And all we know about H's new novel is that it is promising because her latest work has three qualities that exceed her earlier works. It is promising, but we do not know whether it qualifies as good.

(A): unsupported; we do not even know whether H focuses on the significant in her latest novel. We cannot conclude this statement from the information given.

(B) unsupported; we are not given any information about whether contemporary literature contains grace. Thus, we cannot conclude this statement from the stimulus.

(C) unsupported; we are not given information about today's standards. The author simply says that contemporary novels lack characteristics of good literature. We do not know what characteristics define "today's standards." We cannot conclude this statement from the information given.

(D) unsupported; H's novel is merely characterized as promising. We are not told whether it was "good literature" or not. Thus, we cannot conclude that it is better than most of today's literature. (If we had been told that it qualified as good literature, I believe that we would be able to make this conclusion. Correct me if I'm wrong!)

(E) supported; ah, yes. We know that good literature has intricacies and focuses on the significant. We know that H's latest novel is more complex, which is a synonym of "intricacy," than her past works, so we know that she has at least one property of good literature to a greater degree than she did earlier.

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keanexavier344
Friday, Jun 10 2016

@ I think so, or maybe it was just the name of his carrot. Perhaps his name was George Washington? My memory eludes me. Perhaps I'll get a tattoo of that quote and just attribute it to whomever I want.

Haha, there's no need to apologize. A great friend of mine has a similar sense of humor. He'd always say, "In the great words of [some historical figure], [some quote that wasn't at all attributable to that figure]."

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keanexavier344
Friday, Jun 10 2016

@ Hahaha, interesting. I've heard that line attributed to Socrates, although somewhat apocryphally. Who knows. I'm glad someone else can confirm this phenomenon. How odd it is!

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keanexavier344
Friday, Jun 10 2016

I've certainly received many, if not all, of the comments on this thread at some time or another. I haven't determined the date on which I'll write the LSAT, and this seems to make my acquaintances more concerned than I am about it. (My close friends and family have been unbelievably supportive and understanding.) So in an effort to make the perfunctory exchange of pleasantries in passing conversation more bearable, I've begun to tell these individuals that I have, in fact, scheduled a date on which I plan to take the test. For some reason, this gives them some form of comfort that I don't quite know how to describe. Invariably, they nod their heads and say, "Good! I'm glad to hear that. I know you're ready! You'll pass!"--or something similar and to that effect. It's as if telling them that I've set a date gives them closure, as if it quells some fear or concern that they have for me (that I don't have for myself) and keeps their uninformed opinions at bay. However, if it surfaces in this empty exchange that I haven't set a date, their concern rises and I'm pestered with questions for, on average, 15 to 20 minutes. Cue the comments above. (I'm not bitter about this at all, I swear.)

Thank you to everyone on this forum and for the 7Sage culture in general. I dig this slow and steady approach.

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keanexavier344
Friday, Dec 08 2017

I don't see a problem with using any word that captures what you intend to convey. Rather, I think an appropriate question to ask yourself might be: why am I writing about rigmarole in my personal statement? Is this pertinent?

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keanexavier344
Thursday, Apr 07 2016

Thank you, all ( @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ )!

If I'm synthesizing your responses properly, it seems as though one's university and one's major may exert some influence on the number itself, though we cannot know exactly how much influence or to what schools this influence truly matters. But there are many other factors that schools consider in the admissions process: LSAT score, age, etc. So in short, I should simply relax and focus on the factors that I can control. And as @ said, I shouldn't let anyone discourage me. (It seems everyone has an opinion on law school, whether they intend to attend or not, lol.)

Thanks again, all. The 7Sage community rocks!

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keanexavier344
Wednesday, Apr 06 2016

Ahh, that makes sense, @! Thank you!

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keanexavier344
Wednesday, Apr 06 2016

Thanks, all! ( @ , @, and @).

Yesterday, I received some misinformation, it seems, that alarmed and discouraged me. As a result of youthful apathy and listlessness, I didn't attend the most prestigious university. But I kicked it in gear there, so I'm glad that such youthful decisions won't continue to be held against me (or anyone else, for that matter).

Thank you all for clearing up the misinformation that I received - truly!

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Wednesday, Apr 06 2016

keanexavier344

Are all GPAs created equal?

Hello, all! I hope all is well.

I'll keep this brief: we're busy individuals, after all.

What I believe my question boils down to is this: how much influence does the university from which one earns their undergraduate GPA exert on the number itself? For example, if two students were to earn the same GPA - say, a 3.5 - from different academic institutions - say, one prestigious and one not - would these numbers be weighted much differently by law schools during the admissions process? Or is it the number itself that matters? Or, like all things, is it somewhere between the two and dependent upon the university to which one applies?

Thanks, all! I wish you all well. I'd wish you the best of luck, but you won't need it, and our aim is mitigate that, anyway.

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keanexavier344
Thursday, May 05 2016

Hey, hey, @! Congratulations! You've earned it.

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keanexavier344
Monday, Feb 05 2018

For some reason, I have to shrink the document to fit it on the page--if I print it at 100%, it pushes things onto another page and fractures the continuity of the document--but this leaves a one-inch margin surrounding the entire document. I can view the document as it is supposed to look, but when it comes time to print, it isn't printing as it should be. Is anyone else having this problem, and if you were able to circumvent it, how did you do so? @, any thoughts?

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keanexavier344
Thursday, Feb 04 2016

After sleeping on an air mattress for nearly two months (long story), I also struggled with back pain, and from your post, I can tell that our struggles were similar (although I am nowhere near 6' 8"). It was intolerable; I couldn't sit still. It was affecting my concentration and my study habits. I received a life-changing recommendation that I'll pass along to you: see a chiropractor (if you aren't already).

I know that this profession carries with it a certain stigma, largely because of the relative ease with which one may be admitted to chiropractic school and the wide gap in the quality of professional care that results from this practice, but there are many studies that have demonstrated that chiropractic care is an effective way to ameliorate, or even resolve, lower back pain. (If you are interested in reading some of the articles with which I am familiar, PM me and I'd be more than happy to send them. A quick search on Google Scholar or of your school library will also suffice.)

From a more personal perspective (read: anecdotal evidence), I started seeing a chiropractor twice a week for a month, and thereafter, my lower back pain was entirely resolved. Chances are, judging from the explanation of your posture and from the fact that the LSAT is a largely sedentary endeavor, your spine may be misaligned--or "subluxated," as they like to term it. They'll work to realign your spine, the benefits of which cannot be understated. Most people are initially apprehensive because of the pain that follows their initial visit, but don't worry, your spine simply hasn't been mobilized in that manner for some time. It isn't normal to have a subluxated spine. But there are growing pains associated with realigning it.

In choosing a chiropractor, I'd recommend that you do some research. And by "some," I mean "thorough." Research their satisfaction ratings, particularly. I know that that such ratings are subjective, but in the aggregate, statistical trends will emerge. (For instance, this site has maintained a sparkling statisfaction rating (4.94), and there have been hundreds of people rating it. Happenstance? I think not.) Also, if they try to sell you "packages"--avoid them. Your back pain is unique, and your chiropractic care should be tailored to you.

I ended up writing far more than I had anticipated. I'll end here, but if you have any questions that I didn't address, don't hesitate to PM me.

PrepTests ·
PT102.S4.Q1
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keanexavier344
Wednesday, Feb 03 2016

Does this question provide an instance in which the contextual information is also used a premise to support the conclusion? I'd imagine that this is quite unique (as far as LSAT constructions go),correct?

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keanexavier344
Wednesday, Mar 02 2016

Congratulations! I'm so happy for you!

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