Support A local chemical plant produces pesticides that can cause sterility in small mammals such as otters. ββββ βββββ βββ βββββ βββββ ββββββββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ βββββββββ βββββ βββ ββββββ ββββ ββββ ββ β ββββββ βββββ βββββββββ βββββββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββββββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββββββββββ βββ ββββββ
The author concludes that pesticides have contaminated the river. His reasoning is that, after a factory opened, there was an increase in sterility among rivers otters. The pesticides produced by the factory can cause sterility in animals like otters.
The author identifies a causal connection between the plant and the increased sterility, but his reasoning is flawed on two counts. Firstly, we donβt know that the pesticides produced by the plant ever reached the river. So we donβt know if the suggested cause in fact occurred.
Secondly, we donβt know that the only possible cause of an increase in sterility is exposure to pesticides. If there are other possible causes, an increase doesnβt necessarily suggest that pesticides are at fault.
Which one of the following βββββββββ ββββββββ β ββββ ββ βββββββββ ββββ ββ βββββββ ββ βββ ββ βββ ββββββββ ββββββ
The bacteria that βββββ βββββββ ββββ ββ βββ βββββββββ βββββ ββ βββββββ βββββββ ββ β ββββββ ββββββββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββ ββββ ββ ββββ ββββββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββ ββββββββββ ββββ ββ ββββ βββββ ββββββββ
A diet low ββ βββββββ βββ βββββ β ββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ ββββ ββββββββ ββ β βββββ ββββ ββββ βββ βββ ββ βββ ββββββ ββ ββββββ βββ βββββ βββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ βββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ βββ ββ ββββββββ
Animals that are ββββββββββββββ βββ ββββ βββββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββ βββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββ βββ βββ βββββββββββββββ ββ ββββ ββββββ ββββ βββ ββ ββββ βββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ
Apes are defined ββ βββββββ βββββ βββββ ββββββββββββββββ βββββββββ ββββββ βββ ββ ββββββββ βββββ βββββββββ ββββββ βββββββ ββ β ββββββββββ βββββββ ββββββ ββββ ββββββ βββββββ ββββ ββββββ βββ βββββββββ βββββββ ββ ββββ ββββ ββββ ββ ββββ
The only animal ββββ βββββ ββββ ββββββββ β βββββ βββββββ ββ ββββ βββ ββ β βββββ βββ βββββ βββ ββ βββββ ββ ββββ ββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ ββ ββββ ββββββ βββββ ββ β βββββ