PT136.S2.Q5

SECTION 1 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7

PASSAGE 2
Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14

PASSAGE 3
Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22

PASSAGE 4
Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 3 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6

PASSAGE 2
Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12

PASSAGE 3
Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19

PASSAGE 4
Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 4 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

PrepTest 136 - Section 2 - Question 5

Question

Explanation

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Bacteria that benefit human beings when they are present in the body are called commensals. ███ █████████ ████████████ ██████ █████ █ ███████ ████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ███ █████ ███████ ██████ █████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██████ █████████ ████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██ █ ██████████ ███ ████ ██ ██████ ██████████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ██████████ ████████████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ ██████████████████ ████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ███ █████ ████ ██ ████████████ █ ██████████

Summarize Argument

The author concludes that H. pylori shouldn’t be considered a commensal. He supports this conclusion through an analogy, saying that M. tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis in about 10% of people who harbor it, is not considered a commensal. Similarly, he argues, H. pylori, which allegedly strengthens immune response but causes stomach ulcers in less than 10% of the people who harbor it, shouldn’t be considered a commensal.

Notable Assumptions

In order for his analogy to support his conclusion, the author must assume that M. tuberculosis and H. pylori are similar in all relevant ways. Thus, he must also assume that they are not dissimilar in any relevant ways.

Show answer

Which one of the following, ██ █████ ████ █████████ ██████████ ███ ██████████ ██████████

Stomach ulcers caused ██ ██ ██████ ███ ████████████ ███ ████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ████ ████████████

This doesn’t weaken the argument because it shows a similarity between H. pylori and M. tuberculosis. Instead, we need an answer choice that shows that the two bacteria are dissimilar in some relevant way.

Cases of tuberculosis ███████ ████ ██████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ ██ ███████

Even if tuberculosis lasts longer than stomach ulcers, H. pylori still causes harmful stomach ulcers. So, this doesn’t weaken the conclusion that H. pylori shouldn’t be considered a beneficial commensal. It also doesn’t provide a relevant dissimilarity between the bacteria.

People who harbor ██ ████████████ ██████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ █████████

(C) weakens the argument by showing that M. tuberculosis and H. pylori are dissimilar in at least one relevant way. Both cause illness in some people who harbor the bacterium, but M. tuberculosis is not beneficial at all, while H. pylori allegedly strengthens immune response.

There are more ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████████ ████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████

This is a dissimilarity between the bacteria, but it isn’t relevant. Regardless of how many people harbor each bacterium, they both cause some harm to some people, which is why the author concludes that, like M. tuberculosis, H. pylori shouldn’t be considered a commensal.

There are more ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████████

Like (D), the number of people who harbor each bacterium is not a relevant dissimilarity.

Difficulty

Question

91% of people who answer get this correct

This is a slightly challenging question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 130

140

75% 150

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Weaken

Stimulus Tags

Analogy

Link assumption

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

156

91%

164

156

157

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