LSAT 141 – Section 4 – Question 08

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Question
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Type Tags Answer
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Curve Question
Difficulty
Psg/Game/S
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Explanation
PT141 S4 Q08
+LR
Most strongly supported +MSS
Causal Reasoning +CausR
A
5%
159
B
2%
157
C
1%
157
D
65%
165
E
26%
159
143
155
167
+Harder 147.542 +SubsectionMedium

Fluoride enters a region’s groundwater when rain dissolves fluoride-bearing minerals in the soil. In a recent study, researchers found that when rainfall, concentrations of fluoride-bearing minerals, and other relevant variables are held constant, fluoride concentrations in groundwater are significantly higher in areas where the groundwater also contains a high concentration of sodium.

Summary
Fluoride enters groundwater when rain dissolves minerals with fluoride in the soil. Researchers found that when all variables are held constant, fluoride concentrations are significantly higher in areas where the groundwater also contains a high concentration of sodium.

Strongly Supported Conclusions
When there is a high concentration of fluoride, there is likely a high concentration of sodium.
Sodium helps dissolve fluoride into groundwater.

A
Fluoride-bearing minerals are not the primary source of fluoride found in groundwater.
The stimulus does not provide alternative sources of fluoride in groundwater
B
Rainfall does not affect fluoride concentrations in groundwater.
This is anti-supported. The stimulus explains that rainfall causes minerals with fluoride to dissolve and enter the groundwater
C
Sodium-bearing minerals dissolve at a faster rate than fluoride-bearing minerals.
There is no information in the stimulus to support this comparative statement. There is no information about the rate at which sodium vs fluoride dissolves
D
Sodium in groundwater increases the rate at which fluoride-bearing minerals dissolve.
The stimulus explains that fluoride concentrations are higher in areas with high sodium concentrations, even when all variables are held constant. This suggests that the sodium could impact the rate at which minerals with fluoride dissolve.
E
Soil that contains high concentrations of sodium-bearing minerals also contains high concentrations of fluoride-bearing minerals.
This has the logic flipped. It is conceivable that high concentrations of fluoride minerals are found in areas with high concentrations of salt, not the other way around.

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