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Columnist: Although much has been learned, Support we are still largely ignorant of the intricate interrelationships among species of living organisms. ██ ███████ ██████████ ███ ██ ████████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████████ ████ █████ ████████ ███████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ██████ █████ █████████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ████████
Objective: Build the Premise -> Conclusion Bridge
The columnist concludes that if there are any species that we want to preserve, then we should try to preserve as many species as possible. This is because we don't know much about the relationships between species. That lack of knowledge means we don't know if losing a species, even if it’s one we don’t care about, could possibly put other ones at risk.
Because this is a PSA question, we're looking for a premise-to-conclusion bridge, which we can find by identifying the gap in the argument. Since we're dealing with a conditional conclusion (if we have an interest, then we should preserve), we can make this gap clearer by kicking up the sufficient condition into the premises.
Reformulating this way would leave us with the non-conditional conclusion that we should try to preserve as many species as possible. We still have the premises that we lack knowledge about interrelationships between species, and that letting some species go extinct could put other species at risk—but now we have another premise as well, that we kicked up: that we have an interest in preserving at least some species.
From here, we can identify the gap in the argument. The premises establish that the loss of a species might jeopardize other species, some of which we care about, but that doesn’t tell us why this possibility requires us to try and prevent the loss of as many species as possible. Our bridge could look something like this: if we're interested in protecting any species and there’s a risk that allowing some species to perish could endanger a species we care about, then we should preserve as many species as possible.
23.
Which one of the following ███████████ ██ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████████ █████████
a
It is strongly ██ ███ ████████ ██ ████████ ███████ █████ ███ ██████ ████████
b
We should not ████ ███ ██████ █████ ███ ████████ ██████████ █████ ████ ████ ███████████ ███ █████ ████ ████████
c
We should not █████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████ ████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ █████ ████████████
d
We should not █████ █ ██████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ████ ██ █████████ ██ ███
e
We should always █████████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ████ ████████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████