PT101.S4.P2.Q14

PrepTest 101 - Section 4 - Passage 2 - Question 14

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P1

Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. ███

NA perspective / problem · Digging up ancestral remains and items buried with them is offensive
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Potential solution · Legal remedies can prohibit or regulate digging up remains/items, as long as NA can establish standing
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Three bases of standing · These categories of plaintiffs traditionally have standing
(1) deceased's heirs, (2) owner of the property on which grave is located, (3) parties with clear interest in preservation of a particular grave. For the last category, graves that are recent and associated with identifiable NA communities are likely to support standing. But graves that are old and not associated with a nearby NA community are less likely to support standing.
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When there is standing · Common law can allow NA to bring claims against archaelogists and museums
P2

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Details of common law protection · Property law can establish NA claims to dug up artifacts
In one case, the court ruled that the common law doctrine of abandonment does not apply to objects buried with deceased people. This suggests artifacts from NA ancestral graves should be returned to the tribal groups that can establish standing.
P3

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Individual vs. Communal Property · Museums can't assume valid title to an artifact simply because they purchased it from an individual NA
An individual NA doesn't have title to artifacts that are communal property.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
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14.

Which one of the following ████ █████████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███ ████████

a

Prior to an █████████ ███████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██████ █████████ ███ ██ █████ ███████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ █████████ ████ ███████ ███████

Too narrow; Charrier v. Bell was simply a case designed to support the broader point that property law can help support Native American claims. The overall point of the passage wouldn’t concern this specific case. (A) is also unsupported, because we don’t know the state of the law before the ruling.

2%
b

Property law offers ███ ████ █████████ ████████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██████████ █████ █████████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██████ ██████████████

The author doesn’t rank property law as the “most promising” remedy. Since this is unsupported, it can’t be the main point.

20%
c

The older the ██████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ██ ███ ██████ █████████ ██ █████████ ████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███ ███████████ ██ ████████████████ █████████ █████████ ████████

The author doesn’t suggest that the older the grave, the more difficult to establish standing. Although there is a distinction between ancient and recent graves, that doesn’t imply that a grave that is more ancient than another ancient grave automatically is more difficult to establish standing for, or that a grave that is 2 years old is harder to establish standing for than a grave that’s 1 year old. In any case, the main point of the passage isn’t about standing. Standing is simply the requirement one must meet before one can bring a claim. P2 and P3 explore legal doctrines that can support a claim once someone has already established standing.

6%
d

In cases in █████ ██████ █████████ ███ █████████ █████████ ██████ ███ ███ ██ ██████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ███████ ███ ███ █████████ ██████ ████ █████

This best captures the main point. P1 discusses the standing issue, but the focus of the rest of the passage is on how common law can support Native American claims after standing is established.

58%
e

Native Americans are ████████ ██ ████ ███████████ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ████████ ████████ █████ ██████ ███ ██ █████████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████

The main point involves the current state of the law. The main point doesn’t involve the consequences of a failure to expand the law. Also, it’s not supported. There might be other ways Native Americans can protect their cultural property.

14%

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