PT121.S3.P3.Q14

PrepTest 121 - Section 3 - Passage 3 - Question 14

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P1

Although the rights of native peoples of Canada have yet to be comprehensively defined in Canadian law, most native Canadians assert that their rights include the right not only to govern themselves and their land, but also to exercise ownership rights over movable cultural property—artifacts ranging from domestic implements to ceremonial costumes. ███

Native Canadians' perspective · Natives have right to own movable cultural property
Example: Domestic implements, ceremonial costumes.
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Current law · Statute and common law puts ownership of movable property with current owners, not Native Canadians
Recent litigation is questioning this ownership.
P2

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Basis of current ownership rules · Private property can be owned by individuals or groups functioning as individuals
Encourages right of individual owners to use property as they see fit.
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New perspective in litigation · Collective ownership
Each member of a community has an equal say regarding use of the community's resources.
P3

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Problem for new perspective · Legal documents to support property ownership; Native Canadians usually don't have these, but museums do
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Solution · Courts will become more aware that collective property exists
This will lead to recognition that Native Canadians should own their movable cultural property.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
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14.

According to the concept of ███████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ███████

a

one who possesses █ ████ ██ ████ ██ ████████████ ███ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ █████████

The concept of property ownership does not require a property owner to have a bill of sale. Bills of sale are mentioned as one kind of document that can provide evidence to demonstrate ownership, but this doesn’t imply that the meaning of “property owner” requires one to possess a bill of sale.

17%
b

one who possesses █████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ████████████ ███ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ █████████

Although in court a claim to ownership can be demonstrated by proof of prior possession, this doesn’t imply that the meaning of “property owner” requires one to be able to substantiate his or her claim to the property. There’s a difference between what one is required to show to demonstrate ownership and what’s involved in the meaning of ownership.

8%
c

one who is ███████ ██ ████ ███ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ████████ ██████ ██ ██ ███ ██████

This best captures the meaning of ownership under the concept of private property. Private property is based on a philosophy that encourages the rights of owners ot use their property without outside interference.

69%
d

one who is ███████ ██ ████████ █████████ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █████

Although transferring property to one’s heir is one of the rights a property owner holds under the concept of property, this doesn’t capture the meaning of ownership, which is broader than simply the ability to transfer property to heirs.

3%
e

one who is ███████ ██ ████████ ████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █ █████████

(E) is associated with collective property, not private property.

3%

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