Passage A is from a 2007 article on the United States patent system; passage B is from a corporate statement.
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Which one of the following ██ █████████ ██ ███████ █ ███ ███ ██ ███████ ██
the amassing of ███████ ██ ████████ █████████
Both passages mention this. Passage A describes large technology companies obtaining "hundreds or even thousands of patents." Passage B says "a small number of very large companies have amassed large numbers of software patents." Both passages cover patent stockpiling.
the cost of ███████ ███ ███ ███████ █ ███████ ███ ████████
Passage A specifically raises this point: "because of the complexity of software, it is often prohibitively expensive to even find all the patents a given software product might in principle be infringing." Passage B never mentions the cost of searching for potentially infringed patents. Passage B mentions the high cost of patent litigation, but that's a different expense. Finding which patents you might be infringing comes before any lawsuit.
the negative effect ██ ███████ ██ ████████ ███████████
Both passages cover this. Passage A argues that software patents make it "almost impossible to develop a software product without infringing numerous patents." Passage B states that "patents generally impede innovation in software development." Different wording, same idea.
the high cost ██ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███████
Passage B mentions "the high cost of patent litigation." Passage A discusses costly patent problems but doesn't single out litigation costs in general. If anything, this is in Passage B but not Passage A, which is the reverse of what the question asks for.
the dubious nature ██ ████ ████████ ███████
Both passages raise doubts about the quality of software patents. Passage A argues the courts have "dramatically lowered the bar for obviousness," resulting in "bad patents." Passage B refers to "the questionable nature of many software patents generally." Both passages treat many software patents as dubious.