PrepTest 143 - Section 2 - Passage 1 - Question 6

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Having spent several decades trying to eliminate the unself-conscious "colonial gaze" characteristic of so many early ethnographic films, visual anthropologists from the industrialized West who study indigenous cultures are presently struggling with an even more profound transformation of their discipline. ███████ ███████████ █████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ███████████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ████████

Potential problem · Indigenous peoples are documenting their own cultures using video equipment

Will this bring back something similar to the "colonial gaze" that plagued early ethnographic films?

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Weiner's perspective · Video technology spreads Western values and damages indigenous cultural identity

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Ginsburg's perspective · Indigenous people can use Western media without being dominated by Western culture

Although using Western objects will have an effect on culture, that doesn't mean using cameras will automatically turn indigenous people into Westerners. Cameras can even benefit indigenous cultures by strengthening native languages and traditions.

Author's support of Ginsburg · Turner's work in Brazil supports Ginsburg

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Details of Turner's findings · Kayapo's use of video integrates with Kayapo culture

Passage Style

Critique or debate

Problem-analysis

Terence Turner would be most ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████

Question Type

Implied

Other’s perspective

You might remember what the passage said about Turner. (If you don’t, at least you’ll remember where Turner was brought up – you can just go back to the last paragraph to refresh your memory about what the passage said.) Turner’s research on the Kayapo suggested that Weiner’s position was wrong. Native people who use cameras to record themselves are not automatically dominated by Western values.

Weiner fails to █████████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ███████████ █████████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ████████

Turner’s research didn’t suggest that Weiner didn’t realize the diversity of native practices. Weiner’s failing was in thinking that the camera would threaten native cultures.

Weiner overestimates the ██████ ██ █████ █████ ██████████ ███ ██████ █████████ ██████████ ███ ██████

Did the passage suggest that video technology has been spread less than Weiner thinks? No.

Weiner does not █████ █████████ ███ █████ ██ ██████████ ███ ███████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████████

Turner’s research shows that Weiner’s belief that Western technology automatically damages native culture is wrong. But the research doesn’t suggest that Weiner doesn't realize the value of preserving native practices. If anything, the passage suggests that Weiner does recognize the value, since Weiner wants to protect native practices from Western technology. He simply disagrees with Turner and Ginsburg about what threatens native practices.

Weiner underestimates indigenous ████████ ████████ ███ ████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ████████ ███████

(D) is supported by what Turner found concerning the Kayapo. They were able to use video recordings in a way that reflected their own native practices, which shows that native peoples are not automatically damaged by using Western technology. Weiner does not realize this, which is why it’s fair to say that he “underestimates” this ability to adapt Western technology (“products of alien cultures”) to fit native cultural values.

95%

Weiner ignores the ████ █████ ████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ████ ███████ ████████████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ ██ ██████████ █████████

Turner’s research doesn’t suggest anything about whether prior technologies have been adapted by native cultures, or that Weiner has ignored this fact. Although Turner would agree that native people have the ability to adapt Western technology (as demonstrated by the Kayapo), we don’t know whether he thinks past technologies have been similarly adapted.

In addition, the debate isn’t concerned about whether native peoples can adapt technology – it’s about whether the culture of native peoples must be damaged by using that technology. If it turns out that many older technologies have been adapted by native peoples, that’s not something that would undermine Weiner’s position – he would simply say that in all of those cases, native culture was damaged by adapting and using Western technology.

PrepTest 143 - Section 2 - Passage 1 - Question 6

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