PrepTest 156 - Section 3 - Passage 1 - Question 5

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Two competing demands we make of the law create a troubling conflict that contributes to the law's frequent failure to deliver what we imagine it should. ███

Intro Topic · Two conflicting demands on law

There are two conflicting things we want in law.

Demand 1 · Formalism

Formal justice means we want law to be rational, consistently applied, and blind to the different social and economic situations of the people it applies to.

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Demand 2 · Substantivism

Substantive justice means we want law to be fair in individual cases and sensitive to the context of those cases.

Sub-conclusion · Cannot reconcile two demands

Formalism and substantive justice can’t be reconciled until there is a reasonable degree of social equality.

Main Conclusion · Abandon formalism

If we can’t have the kind of equality necessary for reconciling formalism and substantive justice, we should abandon formalism in favor of substantive justice.

Passage Style

Problem-analysis

Single position

The passage indicates that which ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ █ ██████████████ ██ █ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████████ ██████ ██████████ ████████

Question Type

Stated

We’re looking for something that is stated about a legal system that delivers only procedural justice. Procedural justice is another name for formalism. We know the author thinks this kind of system isn’t the best, because it doesn’t deliver substantive justice.

It cannot be ██████ ████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ███ ████████████ ████ ███ ██████████

Stated.

90%

It derives from ██████████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██ █████████ ███████

The author never states this about procedural justice. In fact, based on the second paragraph, procedural justice / formalism does not derive from subjective experience.

It adapts too ███████ ██ ██████ ████████

This is the opposite of what is stated about procedural justice. Procedural justice does not take into account social context.

It takes into ███████ ███ ██████ ███ ████████ █████████████ ██ █████ ███ ████ ██████ ███ ████

This is the opposite of what is stated about procedural justice. Procedural justice does not take into account social context.

It is based ██ █ ██████ █████████████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████

This is never stated about procedural justice. The fourth sentence of P2 does reference “common understanding of fairness and justice,” but this relates to substantive justice, not procedural justice.

PrepTest 156 - Section 3 - Passage 1 - Question 5

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