A favored Conclusion theory to explain the extinction of dinosaurs, together with many other species, has been the globally catastrophic collision of a large asteroid with the Earth. ██████████ ████████ ██ ██ ████████████████ ████████ ███████ ██ █ █████ ██ ████ █████ █████████ ██ █ ██████████ █████ ████ ████ █████████████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████ █ ███ █████████ ██████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ████████ ████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████ ████ ███ ██████████ ██ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ █████ ████████ █████████ ████████ █████ ████ ████████ ██████ ███ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ ██████ ███ ███ ████████████
The stimulus presents two competing theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs. The first is the asteroid-impact theory: a large asteroid collided with the Earth and caused a global catastrophe. The evidence for this theory is an extraterrestrial chemical element found in a layer of dust around the world, at a geological level corresponding to the time of the supposed impact and the extinctions.
The second is the volcanic-activity theory: massive volcanic eruptions put enough dust into the atmosphere to cool the planet. The evidence is that the Deccan region of India has extensive volcanic flows from the same time period as the supposed asteroid impact and the extinctions. Proponents of this theory argue that any asteroid impact was irrelevant to the extinctions.
The question asks us to find evidence that the asteroid-impact theory is "at least incomplete, if not false." Notice that the bar here is relatively low. We don't need to prove the theory is entirely wrong. We just need evidence suggesting the asteroid impact wasn't the full explanation for the extinctions.
What would that look like? It's difficult to predict anything specific. We're generally looking for something that makes the asteroid impact a less plausible cause of global dinosaur extinctions.
Analysis by Kevin_Lin
Which one of the following, ██ █████ ████ ████████ █████████ ████ ███ ███████████████ ██████ ██ ██ █████ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████
Large concentrations of ████████ █████ ████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ████████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ███████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ ████ ██ █████ ██████
Dinosaur remains indicate ████ ████ ███████ ██ ████████ █████ ████ ████████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ████ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ███████ █████████████
Legends from many █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ██████ ██████████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ████ ███████ ███████ ███████ █████████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████████
In the Gobi ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ███ ████ █████ ███████ ███ ███ ███ ██ ██████████ ██████ ████████ █████████ ██ ████ ████ ████ █████ ██ █████████████ ██████████ ████ ███ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ████ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ██ ██ ████
The fossil record ██ ███████ ████ █████ ███ █████ ██ ████████████████ ████ █████ █ ██████████ ████ ████ ██ ████████ ███████ ████ ██ ██ ███ ███ ████████ █████ █████ █████ ███ ████ █████ ████ █ ██████████ ██ ███████ ████ ██ ██ ██