Self-study
P1
Even in the midst of its resurgence as a vital tradition, many sociologists have viewed the current form of the powwow, a ceremonial gathering of native Americans, as a sign that tribal culture is in decline. ███
Sociologists' Argument ·
Tribal culture is in decline
Sociologists' Argument ·
Intertribal movement will erode dissolve tribes and result in broader assimilation into mainstream American culture
Sociologists' Argument ·
Pan-Indian Theory
Sociologists believe that greater intertribal activity, greater urbanization, and increasing politicization result in greater intertribalism.
P2
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Concession ·
Intertribalism has been increasing
Critique (of Sociologists) ·
But unique tribal traditions have been increasingly revitalized as well
Examples ·
Revival of the Sun Dance; of traditional societies
Critique (of Sociologists) ·
The change is more complex than just intertribalism and assimilation
P3
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Critique ·
of Pan-Indian theory's assumption
The sociologists' theory assumes that minority culture will succumb to majority culture upon contact. But there's no evidence that's true.
P4
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Concession ·
It's true that intertribal activities are important now
For example, intertribal dances; intertribal speeches (delivered in English).
Critique ·
But that misses the point
Culture borrowing has always happened. What's important is that tribes are consciously making efforts to distinguish themselves.
P5
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Main Point ·
Tribalism is still very powerful
Intertribalism doesn't threaten tribalism. It reinforces native American identity along a broader front.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
14.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███ ████████
a
Despite the fact ████ ████████████ ████ ████ ████████ █████ ██ ██████████ ███ ███████████ ██████████████ ███ ██████ ████ ██ ███████████ ██████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████████
This is the wrong critique. Author does not fault the Pan-Indian sociologists for being slow to recognize the importance of intertribalism. Author criticizes the Pan-Indian sociologists for overstating the consequences of intertribalism.
b
Native Americans are █████████ ██████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ███████████████
This is unsupported by the passage. We do not know if Native Americans are currently struggling with an identity crisis.
c
The recent growth ██ ██████████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████████ █████████ ███████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ █████████ ████████ ████████ ██ ██████ ████████ █████████
This correctly states the main point. This is the author's critique of the Pan-Indian sociologists who believe that intertribalism would erode tribalism and eventually native American culture altogether.
d
The tendency toward ███████████████ ████████ █████████ ██████ ██████ ████████ ████████ ███ ███ █ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ ███ ██████ █████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ █████████ ██████ █████
This is anti-supported. Intertribalism seems to have played a role in how Native Americans position themselves in relation to
e
Despite the recent ███████ ██ ████ ██████ ████████ ██████ ███████████ ███ ██████ █████ ██████ ██████████████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ████████ ███████████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████ ████████ ███████
This is anti-supported. It is the opposite of the main point of the passage.