PT102.S1.P4.Q24 > Analytics

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Scientists typically advocate the analytic method of studying complex systems: systems are divided into component parts that are investigated separately. ███

Scientists' perspective · Analytic method

For complex systems, divide into component parts and study each part.

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Critics' perspective · System loses complexity when parts are studied separately

Critics' new concept · Organicism

The whole determines the parts, and the parts are interdependent. ("Perceived" weaknesses suggests author will later say these weaknesses in analytic method were not real.)

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Basis of organicism · Theory of internal relations

Entities have relationships with each other only if they're part of a whole that contains the entities. Relationships alter each entity, and relationships determine defining characteristics of an entity.

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Critique of internal relations theory · Not all characteristics of an entity define that entity

Entities can have relationships that don't change the entities.

Additional critique of internal relations theory · Makes acquiring knowledge impossible

According to the theory, to known an entity, you have to know all of its relationships. But that seems impossible to do.

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Origin of organicism · Didn't understand the analytic method

Analytic method doesn't involve studying individual parts in complete isolation from the whole. Scientists still studied laws and initial conditions of the whole system.

Main point · Rejection of organicism

No valid reason to abandon analytic method. Organicists didn't show that we can't discover the laws and initial conditions of complex systems.

Passage Style

Critique or debate

24.

The passage offers information to ████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ █████████ █████████ ███████

Question Type

Except (RC)

Implied

This is an Implied EXCEPT question. Four of the answer choices will be questions that can be answered by information in the passage; the correct answer will be a question that is not answered by the information in the passage.

Why does the ██████ ██ ████████ █████████ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ███████████ ██ █████████ ███████████

This question is answered in P4.

10%

Why did the ███████████ ███████ █████████ ███ ████████ ███████

This is answered in P1.

What is the ██████████ ███████ █ ████████ ██████████████ ███ ██ ████████████ ███████████████

This is answered in P3.

22%

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This is answered in P2.

14%

What are some ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ███ █████ ██ █ ██████ ███ ██████

Unsupported. This question is not answered in the passage, so this is the correct answer.

48%

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