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On their way from their nest to a food source, ants of most species leave a trail of chemicals called pheromones. ███ ████ ███ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ████ ███ █████ █████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ███████ █ █████ ██████ ███████████ ████ ████████████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ███████ ████████████ ██ ██ ███████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████
Summary
The author explains that most ant species use pheromone trails to find the way between their nest and food sources. However, the power of pheromones is limited: they are destroyed by temperatures over 45 degrees Celsius (113 Fahrenheit). Incidentally, afternoons in the Sahara Desert usually rise above this temperature.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
The stimulus strongly supports these inferences:
Pheromone trails would be destroyed by heat during most Sahara afternoons.
Ants are not able to navigate using pheromone trails when the temperature is above 45 Celsius/113 Fahrenheit.
If any ants forage in the Sahara in the afternoon, for the most part they can’t use pheromones to navigate during that time.
12.
The statements above, if true, ████ ████████ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
Most ants forage ███ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ██████
b
Most ants that ██ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ ████ ███ █████ ████ ████ ███████ █████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████
c
If any ants ████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ██ ████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████ █████ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████ █████
d
If any ants ██ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ ████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████ █████ █████ ████ ███ █ █████████ █████████ ████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ████████████ █████ ██ ███████ ████████
e
If any Saharan ████ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ████ ███████████ ████ ████████████ ███ █████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ████ ██ ████ ████████████ ███ ██████