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Personal names are generally regarded by European thinkers in two major ways, both of which deny that names have any significant semantic content. ███

Perspective · European view

Personal names lack semantic content

Mill and Lévi-Strauss · Two European perspectives

Mill sees names as meaningless identifiers; Lévi-Strauss sees names as social markers.

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Critique · Mill and Lévi-Strauss' views neglect how names work in some societies

Illustration of Critique · Hopi names have semantic content

Hopi names do more than what Mill or Lévi-Strauss suggest; can refer to events and be poetic

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Develop Illustration · How Hopi names work

They place individuals within society through connection to rituals; confer individual identity; combine individual and clan characteristics

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Further Develop Illustration · Hopi names are usually even more complex

Literal translation not enough to understand the name. Requires contextual knowledge. Names can indirectly refer to important events.

Similarity · Hopi name poetic like Western Apache place names

Critique of Mill and Lévi-Strauss · Hopi names defy their claims

Hopi names can be poetic; not just about distinguishing people or signaling status.

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Implication · Knowledge of Hopi culture is key to fully appreciating their names

Passage Style

Critique or debate

10.

Which one of the following ██████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ████████ █████ █████ ███████████████ █████

Some parents select █████ ██████████ █████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ████ ██ ██████

Anti-supported. Lévi-Strauss said that the function of names is to identify a person’s social classification. A name found in an impersonal book doesn’t reveal anything about a person’s social status.

Some parents wait ██ ████ █ █████ █ ████ ██ █████ ██ ██████ ███ ████ ████████ ███ ███████ █████ ██ ████████████

Anti-supported. Lévi-Strauss said that the function of names is to identify a person’s social classification. (B) describes a name that might reveal someone’s physical traits or personality traits, but not one that reveals a person’s social status.

Some parents name █████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ███████

Anti-supported. Lévi-Strauss said that the function of names is to identify a person’s social classification. Naming a child after a friend or celebrity doesn’t reveal anything about the child’s own social status.

Some family members ████ ██ █████ ██ █████ █████ ██ ███████

Unsupported. Lévi-Strauss said that the function of names is to identify a person’s social classification. Whether certain family members have names in common may or may not reveal anything about one’s social status.

Some family names ██████████ ██ ███████████████ ██ █████ ████████ ████████████

Supported. Lévi-Strauss said that the function of names is to identify a person’s social classification. Family names originally based on a family’s occupation are an example of this function, since an occupation can indicate social classification.

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PrepTest 104 - Section 3 - Passage 2 - Question 10

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