Self-study
P1
Personal names are generally regarded by European thinkers in two major ways, both of which deny that names have any significant semantic content. ███
Perspective ·
European view
Personal names lack semantic content
Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Two European perspectives
Mill sees names as meaningless identifiers; Lévi-Strauss sees names as social markers.
Critique ·
Mill and Lévi-Strauss' views neglect how names work in some societies
Illustration of Critique ·
Hopi names have semantic content
Hopi names do more than what Mill or Lévi-Strauss suggest; can refer to events and be poetic
P2
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Develop Illustration ·
How Hopi names work
They place individuals within society through connection to rituals; confer individual identity; combine individual and clan characteristics
P3
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Further Develop Illustration ·
Hopi names are usually even more complex
Literal translation not enough to understand the name. Requires contextual knowledge. Names can indirectly refer to important events.
Similarity ·
Hopi name poetic like Western Apache place names
P4
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Critique of Mill and Lévi-Strauss ·
Hopi names defy their claims
Hopi names can be poetic; not just about distinguishing people or signaling status.
Implication ·
Knowledge of Hopi culture is key to fully appreciating their names
Passage Style
Critique or debate
11.
The primary function of the ██████ █████████ ██ ██
a
present reasons why ████ ████████ █████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ████████████
P2 doesn’t say anything about treating Hopi personal names as poetic compositions. The author addresses this in P3 when she talks about the name “beautifully ascended,” which can be seen as a “tiny imagist poem.”
b
support the claim ████ ████ ████████ █████ ████ █████████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ ███████████ ████
P1 says that Hopi names can refer to “historical or ritual events.” P2 says that Hopis receive several names throughout their lives in a series of rituals. But neither paragraph claims that Hopi names refer to events in the recipient’s life, so the purpose of P2 can’t be to support this claim.
c
argue that the ████ ████ █████ ███████ ████ █████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████████ ████████ █████ ██████
The European theories never say anything about receiving multiple names. The author doesn’t refute these theories by showing that Hopis get many names; she criticizes them by showing that Hopi names have semantic content.
d
illustrate ways in █████ ████ ████████ █████ ███ ████ ████████ ███████
In P1, the author critiques the two main European views on names by claiming that Hopi names do have semantic content. She uses P2 to illustrate how Hopi names have meaning: they’re given in rituals by an adult from a different clan, and they often reflect the clan’s totem animal and the child’s traits.
e
demonstrate that the ███████ ███████████ ██ ████ ████████ █████ █████ ████████ █████ ████ ███████
This does not describe the purpose of P2. P3 talks about a more obscure Hopi name, but the example in P2— “little rabbit”— reflects the true meaning of one Hopi name fairly literally.