PT105.S1.Q19 > Question

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SECTION 4 · lr

The author hypothesizes that life existed on land earlier than half a billion years ago or that life began on land. This is based on the fact that traces of carbon 14 have been found throughout certain 1.2-billion-year old rocks. Carbon 14 is extracted from the atmosphere by living things and is then released when those living things die.

The author assumes that there’s no other explanation for the presence of carbon 14 in the 1.2-billion-year-old rocks besides the existence of life. This overlooks the possiiblity that carbon 14 might get into the rock in ways that don’t require life to have existed.

This provides additional evidence that life existed earlier than half a billion years ago.

This provides a reason to think life did not begin in the ocean.

This strengthens by establishing that some portions of the rocks were never under water. This helps to eliminate the possiblity that all of the carbon 14 in the rocks originated from undersea creatures.

This weakens the argument by providing an alternate source of the carbon 14 besides life. (D) suggests the carbon 14 in the rocks came directly from the atmosphere rather than from a living creature.

This strengthens the argument by confirming that the rocks originate from earlier than half a billion years ago. If this were not true, the argument would be less convincing.

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