Self-study
The Rienzi, a passenger ship, sank as a result of a hole in its hull, possibly caused by sabotage. █████████ ████ █ █████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ████ ███████ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ██ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ██████ ████ ████████ ███ ██ █████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ███ ████ ████ █████ ████ ████ ███ █████ ████ ███ █████ ███████ ████ ████████ ████████ ████████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ █████ ██ █████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ████████
Summary
The Rienzi sank because it had a hole. It descended rapidly. Usually, ships that sink this fast don’t fully flood by the time they reach the ocean floor, which makes them implode. The Rienzi did not implode. Sabotage can cause a ship to flood fully.
Notable Valid Inferences
The Rienzi must have fully flooded by the time it was deep in the ocean—we know this because if it hadn’t flooded fully, it would have imploded. We cannot conclude what caused the full flooding, but we can infer that it was either sabotage or that the Rienzi filled with water faster than normal.
6.
Which one of the following ████ ██ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██████
a
The Rienzi was ██ ███████████ ██ ██ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████
This could be false. The stimulus does not offer any information about how the Rienzi was constructed.
b
If the Rienzi ██████ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ██ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ██████
This must be false. We know the Rienzi must have fully flooded when it reached the ocean floor or it would have imploded.
c
If the Rienzi ███ ███ ████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████ ████ ██ █████████ █████
This must be true. We know the Rienzi fully flooded by the time it reached the ocean floor—this means it was either sabotaged to allow for full flooding or water entered the ship faster than normal.
d
If the Rienzi ███ ████ ████ ███████ ██ █████ ████ █████████
This could be false. We don’t know if the rate at which the Rienzi sunk caused the ship not to flood fully, and whether changing the rate would affect this outcome.
e
The Rienzi was ██ ████████ ███████████ ██ ██ ██████ █████████ █████ ████████ █████████
This could be false. The stimulus does not offer any information about how the Rienzi was constructed.