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Some Native American tribes have had difficulty establishing their land claims because the United States government did not recognize their status as tribes; therefore during the 1970s some Native Americans attempted to obtain such recognition through the medium of U.S. courts. ███

Intro topic · NA tribes tried to make claims to land through U.S. courts

Problem · Process of NA lawsuits showed conflict that can exist between cultures with different systems of discourse

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Example · Mashpee brought lawsuit to recover their land

Non-Mashpee purchased the land in violation of a statute requiring federal approval of sales of NA-land to non-NA people.

Status as "tribe" · Mashpee had to show they were tribe to get protection of statute

Tribe was defined as a group of Native Americans "governing themselves under one leadership and inhabiting a particular territory."

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Requirement of written documentation · Mashpee couldn't show that they met definition of tribe, because they didn't have written documentation

Mashpee were an oral culture, so didn't have deeds or writings and delineated the boundaries of Mashpee land.

Recent changes for better · Similar land claims have been more successful recently

Courts acknowledge that different discourses between cultures can lead to unfair legal results.

Passage Style

Problem-analysis

Single position

According to the passage, the █████████ ███████ ███ █████ ██ █████ █████████ ██

the increase in ███ ███████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ ███ █████

This increase is mentioned, but it’s not what the Mashpee’s lawsuit objected to. The problem was the town’s selling of Mashpee land to those residents without federal approval.

the repeal of █ ███████ ██████████ ████ █████████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ████████

Not stated. Nothing suggests there was a repeal. The problem is just that the statute wasn’t followed.

the loss of ███████ ███████ ████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████ ███ ██████ █████████████

Anti-supported. There was no immediate loss of control. It wasn’t until some time after the town’s incorporation that the town sold off Mashpee land.

the town's refusal ██ █████████ ███ █████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███████

The lawsuit wasn’t based on this refusal; this refusal was part of the town’s response once the lawsuit was underway.

the sale of ██████████████████ ████ ██ ███████████ █████████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ████████

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