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Tribal communities in North America believe that their traditional languages are valuable resources that must be maintained. ███

Intro to Topic · Maintenance of traditional tribal languages

Problem · Language dying

Blame is on majority culture which separates a community and its traditions.

Solution · Community self-teaching

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Solution Mechanics · Document the grammar

Example: Northern Utes created a sort of textbook on grammar.

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Obstacle 1 · Difficulty writing down oral languages

Oral languages don't have written symbolic counterparts. So, I guess the challenge is that they have to invent the written counterparts?

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Obstacle 2 · Many dialects

Which dialect should be written down and taught?

Solution / Decision · Northern Utes rejected standardization

They accept various spellings as long as meaning was the same. This may sound problematic for us but it's fine for what their community needs.

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Results · Success

Children could write and speak the language.

Opposition · Transforming an oral language to a written one is misguided and unnecessary

Rebuttal · It is necessary because language is dying

Though, perhaps language could be preserved purely orally if majority culture was avoided more thoroughly.

Passage Style

Critique or debate

Problem-analysis

10.

Based on the passage, those ███ ████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ █████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████

Even if left ███████████ ██ ████ █████ ███████████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████

Supported. The people who hold the view in the beginning of the last paragraph think writing down oral languages is “unnecessary” for their survival.

96%

There has been █ ███████ ██ █████████████ █████ ██████ ███████ ██ ████████

We don’t know the opinion of the people who hold the view at the beginning of the last paragraph regarding changes in communication among tribal members. We’re not told anything else they think except for what’s in the first sentence of the last paragraph.

Some oral customs ██ ███ ████ ██ ██ █████████ ███████

We don’t know whether the people who hold the view at the beginning of the last paragraph think some oral customs don’t need to be preserved orally. We know they think traditional oral languages don’t need to be written down. But whether they need to be preserved orally is a separate issue.

External influences have ██████ ██████ ██ ██████ ████████

We don’t know the opinion of the people who hold the view at the beginning of the last paragraph regarding how much tribal customs are affected by external influences. We’re not told anything else they think except for what’s in the first sentence of the last paragraph.

Tribes must focus ██ ████████████ █ ███████ ██████████

This goes against what the people who hold the view in the first sentence of the last paragraph think. They don’t think tribal languages need to be written down to be preserved. Indeed, attempts to write down these languages are “misguided” in their opinion.

PrepTest 107 - Section 2 - Passage 2 - Question 10

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