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Studies of the reliability of eyewitness identifications show little correlation between the accuracy of a witness's account and the confidence the witness has in the account. ███████ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ █ █████████ ██████████ ███████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ███████████████ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ ████████ ███████ ███████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ ████ ███ ███████ ███████████ █████████
Summary
Some factors make eyewitnesses more or less confident about their testimony without changing how accurate their testimony is. Police officers should therefore not allow witnesses to hear other witnesses identifying suspects.
Notable Assumptions
The argument moves from a broad statement that there are some elements that influence a witness’s confidence to a very specific piece of advice for police officers. There is, however, no specific statement about how that advice for police officers is connected to the confidence of witnesses. We therefore need some principle that connects the general claims about confidence to the specific example of witnesses hearing other witnesses. We may also want some principle explaining why police officers should actually care about the confidence of witnesses.
17.
Which one of the following ██ █ █████████ ██████████ ███ ██████ █████ ██ ██████ █████████
a
The confidence people ████ ██ ████ ████ ████████ ██████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ █████████ ██ ████ █████ ██████ █████ ██ ████ █████
b
Unless an eyewitness ██ ██████████ ████ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████ ██ ████████
c
If several eyewitnesses ███ ████████ ███ ████ ███████ ██ █ ███████ ██ ██ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ █████████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ████ ███ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ████████
d
Police officers are ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ████ ██████████
e
The accuracy of ██ ██████████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███████████ ████ █████ ████████████ █████ ██ ████ █████