Self-study
P1
Much of mainstream thinking concerning juvenile delinquency in Canada and the United States is based on the assumption that if uncorrected it automatically leads to adult crime and should thus be severely punished, usually by some form of incarceration, before it becomes an ingrained behavior pattern. ███
Traditional view ·
If juvenile delinquency isn't corrected, it leads to adult crime
Thus, juvenile delinquency should be punished, usually by jail.
Some criminologists' view ·
Adult criminality can result from jailing young offenders
Author's perspective ·
The criminologists don't try to recommend any policy
Taken to the extreme, these criminologists' research suggests that there shouldn't be any penalty at all for juvenile deliquency.
P2
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Critique of criminologists ·
Don't distinguish between what young people think of as criminal and what they think of as fun, but illegal
Young people often don't think of what they do as criminal, even if they acknowledge that it's illegal. Once these people are jailed as criminals, they might start to see themselves as criminals.
Potential policy ·
Focus on encouraging maturation, rather than jailing young people
Jailing might lead to young people viewing themselves as criminals. Maturation would instead help young people grow out of their delinquent behavior.
P3
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Traditional approach to juvenile delinquency ·
Jail young people to make them understand their actions are impermissible
Author's approach ·
Rehabilitation, rather than jailing
Ex: make thieves return their stolen merchandise and apologize. Goal is to teach young people the values of the larger society. We can do this without jailing them and without letting them get away without any punishment at all.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
12.
In relation to
Question Type
Purpose in context (of word, phrase, or idea)
Structure
The second sentence of the passage contains the criminologists’ view that incarceration might lead an offender to commit more crimes. In the fourth sentence of the last paragraph, the author suggests a potential way to handle juvenile delinquency that might avoid any negative effects resulting from incarcerating youth offenders. So the author’s purpose in relation to the second sentence is to advocate a policy based on the view expressed by the criminologists.
a
describe a policy ████ █████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ █████
The author doesn’t “take issue” with the view of the criminologists mentioned in the second sentence. The author finds the view plausible and advocates a policy based on that view.
b
illustrate and support █ ████████ ████ ██ █████████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████
This best captures the author’s purpose. The author finds the criminologists’ view in the second sentence plausible and proposes that we don’t incarcerate youth offenders because of that view.
c
provide an example ████ ████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████████ ████████ █████████ ████████ ███████████
The fourth sentence of the last paragraph isn’t an example of mainstream thinking about juvenile delinquency. Mainstream thinking involves incarceration.
d
show an interpretation ██ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████
The fourth sentence of the last paragraph doesn’t oppose anything in the second sentence of the passage.
e
reiterate the flaws ████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ██████████████
The fourth sentence of the last paragraph doesn’t contain any criticism of the criminologists or their method.