PT108.S4.P2.Q13 > Analytics

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Much of mainstream thinking concerning juvenile delinquency in Canada and the United States is based on the assumption that if uncorrected it automatically leads to adult crime and should thus be severely punished, usually by some form of incarceration, before it becomes an ingrained behavior pattern. ███

Traditional view · If juvenile delinquency isn't corrected, it leads to adult crime

Thus, juvenile delinquency should be punished, usually by jail.

Some criminologists' view · Adult criminality can result from jailing young offenders

Author's perspective · The criminologists don't try to recommend any policy

Taken to the extreme, these criminologists' research suggests that there shouldn't be any penalty at all for juvenile deliquency.

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Critique of criminologists · Don't distinguish between what young people think of as criminal and what they think of as fun, but illegal

Young people often don't think of what they do as criminal, even if they acknowledge that it's illegal. Once these people are jailed as criminals, they might start to see themselves as criminals.

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Potential policy · Focus on encouraging maturation, rather than jailing young people

Jailing might lead to young people viewing themselves as criminals. Maturation would instead help young people grow out of their delinquent behavior.

Traditional approach to juvenile delinquency · Jail young people to make them understand their actions are impermissible

Author's approach · Rehabilitation, rather than jailing

Ex: make thieves return their stolen merchandise and apologize. Goal is to teach young people the values of the larger society. We can do this without jailing them and without letting them get away without any punishment at all.

Passage Style

Critique or debate

Problem-analysis

13.

Which one of the following ██ ████ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████ █████████████ ███ ███████████████ ████████ █████████

Question Type

Analogy (RC)

The criminologists find that incarceration might lead to the very activity it is designed to reduce: “research by these criminologists suggests that incarceration may have the perverse effect of ensuring that the young offenders will continue to perform delinquent acts.” Let’s look for an answer involving a purported solution that ends up causing the problem that it’s supposed to solve.

Since medical research █████ ████ █████████ ████████ ██████ ██████████ █████ ██ ████████████ ███ ███████████ ████████ ██ ██ █ ██████ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ █████████ ███████ ███ █████████████

This doesn’t involve treatment for melanoma leading to more or worse melanoma.

It was once █ ██████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ ███ ███████ ████████ ███ █████ ████ █████████████ ██ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ████ ███████ ███ ███ ██ ████████

This doesn’t involve tonsillectomy leading to more or worse sore throats. Although (B) indicates tonsillectomy can be harmful, it doesn’t connect tonsillectomy to the specific problem it’s supposed to solve (sore throat).

10%

It is a ██████ ██████ ██ █████ █████ ████ ███████ ████ ████████████ ███ ███████ ████████ █████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████████ ████ ████████

This doesn’t involve treatment leading to more or worse sore throats. “Side effects” are not worse throats in the context of (C), because the treatment is designed to cure sore throats. So side effects would refer to something else unrelated to sore threats.

It is a ██████ ██████ ██ █████ █████████ ████ █████████ ███ ███████ ████████ █████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ████████ █████ █████ ██ ███████ ████████ ███████ ███ ████ █████████ ████ ██ ███████

This is the only answer involving treatment that leads to the condition it’s supposed to solve. Antacids (analogous to incarceration) can “cause the very condition that it treats” (analogous to causing more youth crimes).

85%

Since medical research █████ ████ ████████ █████████ ███████ ████ ████████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ████████████ ████ ████████ ██ ██ ███ █ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████

This doesn’t involve treatment leading to the condition that it’s supposed to solve (sinusitis).

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PrepTest 108 - Section 4 - Passage 2 - Question 13

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