Self-study
passage 2
P1
Much of mainstream thinking concerning juvenile delinquency in Canada and the United States is based on the assumption that if uncorrected it automatically leads to adult crime and should thus be severely punished, usually by some form of incarceration, before it becomes an ingrained behavior pattern. ███
Traditional view ·
If juvenile delinquency isn't corrected, it leads to adult crime
Thus, juvenile delinquency should be punished, usually by jail.
Some criminologists' view ·
Adult criminality can result from jailing young offenders
Author's perspective ·
The criminologists don't try to recommend any policy
Taken to the extreme, these criminologists' research suggests that there shouldn't be any penalty at all for juvenile deliquency.
P2
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Critique of criminologists ·
Don't distinguish between what young people think of as criminal and what they think of as fun, but illegal
Young people often don't think of what they do as criminal, even if they acknowledge that it's illegal. Once these people are jailed as criminals, they might start to see themselves as criminals.
Potential policy ·
Focus on encouraging maturation, rather than jailing young people
Jailing might lead to young people viewing themselves as criminals. Maturation would instead help young people grow out of their delinquent behavior.
P3
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Traditional approach to juvenile delinquency ·
Jail young people to make them understand their actions are impermissible
Author's approach ·
Rehabilitation, rather than jailing
Ex: make thieves return their stolen merchandise and apologize. Goal is to teach young people the values of the larger society. We can do this without jailing them and without letting them get away without any punishment at all.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
13.
Which one of the following ██ ████ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████ █████████████ ███ ███████████████ ████████ █████████
a
Since medical research █████ ████ █████████ ████████ ██████ ██████████ █████ ██ ████████████ ███ ███████████ ████████ ██ ██ █ ██████ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ █████████ ███████ ███ █████████████
b
It was once █ ██████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ ███ ███████ ████████ ███ █████ ████ █████████████ ██ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ████ ███████ ███ ███ ██ ████████
c
It is a ██████ ██████ ██ █████ █████ ████ ███████ ████ ████████████ ███ ███████ ████████ █████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████████ ████ ████████
d
It is a ██████ ██████ ██ █████ █████████ ████ █████████ ███ ███████ ████████ █████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ████████ █████ █████ ██ ███████ ████████ ███████ ███ ████ █████████ ████ ██ ███████
e
Since medical research █████ ████ ████████ █████████ ███████ ████ ████████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ████████████ ████ ████████ ██ ██ ███ █ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████