Self-study
P1
Robin D. G. Kelley's book Hammer and Hoe explores the history of communism in the U.S. state of Alabama. ███
Intro topic ·
Author D. G. Kelley on communism in Alabama
Kelley's focus ·
How the Communist Party engaged with African-American workers
P2
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Other scholars' focus ·
Reconciling "Popular Front" communism and liberalism
Kelley's position ·
Popular Front had a negative effect on African-American organizing
Expect the rest of the passage to support this position
P3
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Provide context ·
Earlier "Third Period" communist movement inspired African-American organizers
Author concedes that the movement's rhetoric wasn't taken seriously but that on the whole, the movement motivated African-American organizers
Example ·
Of Third Period's appeal to African-American organizers
Third Period movement was associated with efforts to combat lynch law
P4
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Support Kelley's position ·
Shift to Popular Front movement decreased African-American involvement in communist organizing
Popular Front was less involved in issues of concern to African Americans
P5
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Clarify Kelley's position ·
Other factors also responsible for decline of African-American involvement
Competing political factions, changes to industry and economy
Passage Style
Single position
18.
The primary purpose of the ██████ █████████ ██ ██
Question Type
Purpose of paragraph
Structure
Think about your low-res summary for P2. Here, the author tells us about most scholarship in order to tell us how Kelley’s scholarship is different.
a
contrast Kelley's viewpoint ██ ███ ███████ █████ ████ ████ ██ ████████ ██████████
This best captures the author’s purpose in P2. We’re told about what most scholarship emphasizes so we can understand how Kelley’s scholarship is different.
b
defend the Popular █████ ████ ████████ ███████ ██ ██
This is too opinionated. The author never defends anything in this paragraph or passage.
c
question the political ██████████ ██ █████████ ███ ██████ ██████ ███████ ████████ ███ ████████
The author doesn’t criticize or question anything in this paragraph. She simply tells us about most scholars’ view and Kelley’s view.
d
enumerate the differences ███████ ███ ███████ █████ ███ ███ █████ ██████
The differences between the Popular Front and Third Period don’t come up until later in the passage. So it doesn’t make sense for this to be the purpose of P2. P2 does not describe any differences between these two periods.
e
argue that one █████ ███ ██ ████████ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████████████ ███████
This is too opinionated. The author never argues about the validity of approaches to studying communism. Perhaps we could agree that the author thinks studying impact on African-American workers is a valid way to study communism, beacuse the author is interested in Kelley’s work, which uses that approach. But the author doesn’t “argue” that this is a valid way in P2. She simply tells us that this is something Kelley does.