Darwin's conception of early prehistoric humans as confident, clever hunter-gatherers has long dominated anthropology. βββ
ββββββ ββββββββββββ βββββββββββββ ββββ ββ βββ βββ βββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββββ ββββββ ββββ ββββββββ βββ βββββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ βββ βββββββββ ββββ ββββ ββββ ββββββββ βββ ββββ βββ ββββ ββββ ββββββββ βββββ βββββ βββββββ ββββββββ βββββββββ ββββββββββββ βββ ββββββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββ ββββββββββββ βββββ βββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββββ ββββ ββββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββββββββ βββ βββββββ βββββββ βββββ ββββ ββββββ βββββ βββββββββββ ββββ ββ βββββ ββββββ
βββββββββ βββ ββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ β βββββ ββ ββββββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββββββ βββ βββββ βββββ ββββ ββββ ββββββ βββ βββββββ βββββ ββββ ββ βββββββββ βββ βββββββββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββ βββββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββ ββββββ βββββ ββββ βββββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββ ββββββ βββ βββββββββββ βββββ ββββ βββ βββββ ββββ ββ βββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββ βββ βββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββββββββ ββββ ββββ βββββ ββββ βββ ββββββββ ββ βββββ βββββ ββ ββββ ββ βββ ββββββββββ ββββββ βββββ βββ βββ βββββ ββββββββββββββ ββ βββ ββββββ βββ ββββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββ ββββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββ ββββ βββββββ βββ βββ ββββββ
βββ
It can be inferred from βββ βββββββ ββββ βββ ββββββ βββββ βββββββββ βββ
apply the methodologies ββ βββββββββ ββ βββββ βββββ βββββββββ
This doesnβt relate to either of the two points the author brought up as criticism of the anthropologists. So thereβs no support for thinking the author would encourage them to apply taphonomy to modern hunter-gatherer societies. Although taphonomy is a method the author discusses later in the passage for learning about ancient societies, thereβs no indication the author believes the anthropologists should use the method on modern societies.
investigate the similarities ββ βββββββββββ βββ ββββββββββββ βββββ βββ βββββββ βββββββββ
This doesnβt relate to either of the two points the author brought up as criticism of the anthropologists. The author wants the anthropologists to study differences between modern societies and the societies of early hominids. But the similarities among the various modern hunter-gatherer societies is not relevant; (B) doesnβt involve a comparison between modern hunter-gatherer societies and ancient hominids.
contrast the competition βββ ββββ βββββ ββ βββββ βββββββββ ββββ βββ βββββββββββ βββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββββββββ
Thereβs evidence the author would encourage the anthropologists to research (C), because the author believes the differences in environments of modern societies and early hominids
examine the life-styles ββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββ βββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ βββββββ
This doesnβt relate to either of the two points the author brought up as criticism of the anthropologists. The author cares about the comparison between modern hunter-gatherers and prehistoric hominids. Studying hunter-gatherer societies of the βprevious centuryβ (the 1800s or 1900s, depending on when the passage was written) doesnβt involve a study of prehistoric hominids.
analyze how the βββββββ ββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββ ββ βββββ βββββββββ
This doesnβt relate to either of the two points the author brought up as criticism of the anthropologists. The author cares about the comparison between modern hunter-gatherers and prehistoric hominids. (E) relates only to modern hunter-gatherers.
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