Self-study
Support The radiation absorbed by someone during an ordinary commercial airline flight is no more dangerous than that received during an ordinary dental X-ray. █████ █ ██████ █████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██ █ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██████ █████ ████ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ █████
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that radiation absorbed by commercial airline flight crews will do them negligible harm since the radiation one absorbs during a commercial flight is no more dangerous than the radiation one absorbs during a normal dental X-ray, which does negligible harm.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author reasons that since the radiation absorbed by someone on a commercial flight is no more dangerous than the radiation absorbed by someone during a dental X-ray, which does negligible damage to a person, commercial airline flight crews will be negligibly harmed by the radiation they take in on commercial flights. However, a flaw in this argument is that it fails to consider that members of these flight crews will likely fly on many flights, and the radiation damage from many flights could stack up over time, possibly doing them harm.
5.
A flaw in the argument ██ ███ ███████ ██ ████████ ████
a
there may be ████ █████ ██ █████████ █████████ █████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██████ █████
Other forms of dangerous radiation are irrelevant. The author is only concerned with the dangers of radiation from commercial airline flights and dental X-rays.
b
receiving a dental █████ ███ ████████ █████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ██████ ████ ███
Whether X-rays or flights may mitigate other health risks is irrelevant. The argument only focuses on the dangers of radiation put out by flights and X-rays.
c
exposure to X-rays ██ ██████ █████████ ████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██ ███████
Higher-intensity X-rays are irrelevant. The argument is only concerned with the radiation put out by dental X-rays and flights.
d
the longer and ███ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ██ ██████
The author fails to consider this. If members of commercial flight crews go on a lot of flights, the low levels of nearly harmless radiation they absorb on each flight could eventually add up and harm them.
e
flying at high ████████ ████████ █████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ █████████
Risks posed by altitude are irrelevant. The author just argues that radiation from commercial flights poses little danger to commercial flight crews.