Self-study
Sociologist: Some people argue that capital punishment for theft was an essential part of the labor discipline of British capitalism. ███████ ██ ████ █ ████ █████ ████ ████ ██████ ████ ████████ ███ █████ ██ █████████████ ███████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████████████████ ███ ████ █ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ ████ █████████████████ ███ ██████████ ███ ███ ████ █████████ ██████ ██████████ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ████████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ██████████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The sociologist disagrees with critics who use pre- and post-industrialization statistics to argue against a claim about capital punishment and British capitalism. To show why the critics’ argument is poor, the sociologist explains that capitalism and industrialization are distinct, and didn’t even begin at the same time. This establishes that the critics’ criticism (about industrialization) is missing the point of the original claim (about capitalism).
Identify Argument Part
The claim that capitalism and industrialization are distinct is used as a rebuttal to the critics discussed in the argument.
22.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ██████████ ███ █████████████████ ███ █████████
a
It is cited ██ ████ ████████ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████████
The author never provides evidence either for or against the claim about capital punishment being necessary for labour discipline in British capitalism. Arguing against critics is not the same as supporting the claim they criticize.
b
It is cited ██ █ ██████ █████████████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████████
The author never contradicts the claim about capital punishment being necessary for labour discipline in British capitalism. Specifically, a distinction between industrialization and capitalism does’t contradict that claim.
c
It is an ███████ ██ ████████████ █████ ███ █████ ████ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████████
The author never attempts to prove the claim about capital punishment being necessary for labour discipline in British capitalism. The point is to argue against the critics, not to prove the original claim.
d
It is cited ██ █ ████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████████
The author’s whole goal is to refute the critics. Nothing in the argument supports the critics, and the distinction between industrialization and capitalism specifically rebuts them.
e
It is an ███████ ██ █████████ ███ █████████ █████ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████████
This is a good description of the role played by the distinction between industrialization and capitalism. The author uses the distinction to show that the critics missed the point of the claim they criticize, thus undermining them.