PT111.S3.Q25 > Question

SECTION 1 · lr

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SECTION 2 · rc

PASSAGE 1

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PASSAGE 4

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SECTION 3 · lr

SECTION 4 · lr

The author concludes that testosterone tends to promote heart disease, and estrogen tends to inhibit heart disease. This is based on the following:

Heart disease generally affects men earlier than it does women. Women tend to experience heart disease after menopause.

When men and women are young, men have ten times more testosterone than women.

Women lose estrogen after menopause.

The author assumes that a correlation between higher testosterone and increased heart attacks is explained by testerone’s causing heart attacks. The author also assumes that women’s decreased risk of heart attack compared to men when young is expained by estrogen helping to prevent heart attacks.

The author doesn’t assume that hormones are the “primary” factors. He does assume that hormones are at least one factor, but that doesn’t mean he thinks they are the most important factor.

The author doesn’t assume these are the only hormones that affect heart disease risk. He does assume that these hormones affect the risk, but that doesn’t mean he thinks other hormones have no effect.

The author never compares the risk of heart disease between men with high testosterone levels and women after menopause.

The author assumes that correlation between testerone levels and increased heart attacks, as well as between estrogen and decreased heart attacks, implies a causal relationship between those hormones and heart disease.

The author does not assume that every single person of the same age and gender has the exact same hormone levels. If there are variations from person to person, that doesn’t undermine the author’s reasoning, which is based on general correlations.

PrepTest 111 - Section 3 - Question 25

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