PT112.S2.P3.Q18 > Analytics

Hide analysis

Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally been limited to the effects of gonadal hormones on reproductive behavior and have emphasized the parsimonious arrangement whereby the same hormones involved in the biology of reproduction also influence sexual behavior. ██ ███ ███ ██████ ██████ ████████ ████ █████ █████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ██████ █████████ ███

Intro topic · How different hormones influence behavior

Main point · Hormones that regulate body fluids also influence water and salt consumption

███ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ██████ ███ ████████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████████████ ███ ███████████ ██ ████ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ████ █████████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ██ ████████ █████████ ███████ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ████ █████████ ████ ██████ ███████████ ████████████ █████████ ███ █████████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ███ █████ ██████ ███████ ███████████ ██████ ██████████ ██████ ██████████ ██████ ███████

Explain homeostasis of body fluids · Fluids are tightly regulated by consuming and excreting water and sodium (salt)

Brief discussion of "osmolality": this is related to the composition of blood, and is what is regulated by intake and excretion of water and salt

One method of fluid regulation · Solute concentration in the fluid between cells is maintained by moving fluid in or out of cells

█████████████ ███ █████████████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████████ █████ ███ ██ █████ ██████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████████ ███

Problem · This method isn't always good enough

██ ██ ████ ████ █████████████ █████████████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███

Solution · Physiological and behavioral responses

Example · of physiological/behavioral response to low solute concentration

A drop in the hormone vasopressin triggers two things: (1) excretion of excess water via urine; and (2) decreased thirst, which prevents taking in more water. Together, these reduce water in the body and raise the solute concentration back up.

Example · of physiological/behavioral response to high solute concentration

An increase in vasopressin triggers two things: (1) excretion of excess solutes via urine; and (2) increased thirst, which leads to taking in more water. Together, these increase water in the body and lower the solute concentration back down.

Elaborate · on the link between vasopressin and behavior

When solute concentration is too high, vasopressin first triggers water retention in the kidneys (i.e., a physiological response). Vasopressin only triggers a thirst (i.e., behavioral) response after the kidneys have done all they can do.

Passage Style

Single position

Spotlight

18.

The primary function of the ███████ ██ █ █████ ██ ██

present new information

This is the best answer. The purpose is to present new information concerning the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis.

84%

question standard assumptions

The author doesn’t question any assumption. Although previous research focused on gonadal hormones, that doesn’t imply there was a prevailing assumption that other hormones can’t affect behavior.

reinterpret earlier findings

The author discusses new findings. The research related to homeostasis isn’t part of earlier research that the author is reinterpreting.

advocate a novel ██████

The author doesn’t advocate any new theory; she simply reports to us about the findings of new research.

outline a new ████████

The author doesn’t outline an approach – there’s no description of some process that we can follow to approach a topic or subject or problem or anything. The passage simply describes certain body processes and behaviors related to homeostasis.

PrepTest 112 - Section 2 - Passage 3 - Question 18

Difficulty

Analysis

Answer Popularity

Question history

Confirm action