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On the surface, Melville's Billy Budd is a simple story with a simple theme. ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ █████ ██ █ █████████ █████████ ████ ██ ███████ █ ████████ ███ ██████████ ████ █████ ██ █████ ███ █████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ████████ ███ ███████ ████████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ██ ███████████ ████████ █████ █████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ████ ██ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ ████ ███████ █████ ████ ██ █ ██████ ████████
Summary
There is no evidence that the author of a novel intended an allegorical reading of that novel, therefore readers should read that novel as being nonallegorical.
Notable Assumptions
The argument moves from a claim that there isn’t evidence proving a novel as intended to be an allegory to a claim that readers therefore should not view it as being allegorical. In so doing, it assumes that readers should not take a book to be allegorical unless there is specific evidence that was in fact the author’s intention. We’re therefore looking for some principle that satisfies that assumption, and explains why readers can’t just decide the novel is allegorical even without evidence that was the author’s intention.
22.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ █████████ ██████████ ███ █████████
a
Given a choice ███████ ██ ███████████ ███ █ ██████████████ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ███ ██████ ██████ ███ ███████
b
The only relevant ████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ █████ ██ █████ █ █████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████ ██████████
c
In deciding between █████ ████████ ██ █ ██████ ███ ██████ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ █████
d
Without relevant evidence ██ ██ █ ███████ ████████ ████████ ███ ██████ █████ ███████ ███ ████ ██████████████
e
The only relevant ████████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████████ ██████████████ ██ █ ████ ██ ███ ████ ███████