Self-study
Essayist: Only happiness is intrinsically valuable; other things are valuable only insofar as they contribute to happiness. ████ ████████████ █████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ██ ███ ███████ ██ █ ███ ████████ █████ █████ █████ ████ ██ █████ █████████ ████ ████ ██ ██ █████████ ████ ██████████ █████ ████ ██ ████ █████████ ███████ █████████ ██ ██ █████████████ █████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ████████
Summary
Only happiness is intrinsically valuable. Other things are valuable only if they contribute to happiness. Some philosophers say the fact that we don’t approve of a bad person being happy shows we only value happiness when it is deserved. They say this shows something other than happiness can have intrinsic value. But however much happiness people deserve is determined by how much they bring happiness to others.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
The fact that we don’t approve of a bad person being happy is a product of the fact that happiness has intrinsic value.
19.
Which one of the following ████ █████████ █████████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████████
a
the notion that ██████ ███ ██ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████ ██████████
This is unsupported because the author does not contest the idea that people can be deserving of happiness. The author is instead examining why we say some people don’t deserve happiness.
b
people do not ████████ █████ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ████ █████ ████ ██
This is unsupported because the author provides no means of addressing how much people value happiness or how much they think they value happiness.
c
the judgment that █ ██████ ████████ ██ ██ █████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ██ █████████
This is strongly supported because the author implies that whether someone deserves happiness is a product of how much happiness they bring to others.
d
the only way ██ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ██ █████ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ████ ████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██
This is unsupported because the author doesn’t tell us what happens if we bring happiness to someone who deserves it, nor does the author tell us how to guarantee our happiness.
e
a truly bad ██████ ██████ ████████ ██ ████ █████
This is unsupported because while the author implies that a bad person may not be bringing happiness to others, this wouldn’t necessarily prevent that person from experiencing happiness.