Self-study
Sociologist: Climate and geology determine where human industry can be established. ███████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███████████ ███ ██████████ █████ █████ ███ █████████████ ██ █████ █████████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ █████████████
Summary
The location of human industry is a product of climate and geology. Large changes in climate always result in migrations. Migrations cause intermingling of ideas. The intermingling of ideas is necessary for rapid advances in civilization.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
If there is no intermingling of ideas, then the climate is not changing drastically. If there are no migrations, then there are no drastic changes in the climate.
20.
The sociologist's statements, if true, ████ ████████ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
Climate is the ███████ █████ ██ ██████████
This is unsupported because although climate changes are sufficient to produce migration, they may not be the only condition sufficient to produce migration.
b
All shifts in ███████ ███████ █ ███ ████ ██ █████ █████████
This is unsupported because while shifts in the climate will lead to an intermingling of ideas, we don’t know if these are net positive for human progress. Also, these ideas are necessary but not sufficient for advances in civilization.
c
A population remains ███████ ████ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ███████
This is strongly supported because the author states that large changes in the climate always result in migrations. The contrapositive says that if there are no migrations (the population is settled) then the climate is not largely changing (the climate is fairly stable).
d
Populations settle in █████ █████ █████ █████ ████████ ███ ██ ████████████
This is unsupported because it is possible that human industry can be established in places where there is an intermingling of ideas as a result of migration.
e
Every migration is ███████████ ██ █████ ████████ ██ █████████████
This is unsupported because while we know that migrations lead to intermingling of ideas, the intermingling of ideas is a necessary, not sufficient, condition for bringing about advances in civilization.