Tony disagrees with this claim, and instead thinks that life is best understood as a gradual progression over time. Raoul agrees with this claim. This articulates the point of disagreement.

Both speakers disagree with this claim. Both Raoul and Tony acknowledge the different strategies used by novels and short stories, their argument is just about which one is a better reflection of life.

Both speakers agree with this claim. Tony explicitly discusses the gradual change depicted by novels. Raoul also alludes to this idea when talking about “a linear process of personality development.”

Neither speaker makes this claim. Tony says that short stories are used as novelists’ sketch pads, but never says that they’re the only thing that is used that way. Novelists could have other sketch pads, we don’t know.

Neither speaker makes this claim. Raoul talks about vignettes providing glimpses of character, which we can infer also refers to short stories. However, Raoul never mentions whether these glimpses are usually hidden.