Tom: Critics of recent high court decisions claim that judges' willingness to abide by earlier decisions is necessary to avoid legal chaos. βββββ ββββ ββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββββββββββ βββββ ββββββββββ βββ ββ ββββ ββ βββ βββββ ββββββ βββββββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββββββββ βββ βββββ ββ ββ ββββββββ
βββββ ββββ ββββββ ββββ ββββββββββ ββββββββββ ββ βββ βββββ βββ ββββ ββββ βββββββ ββ ββ ββ ββββ ββββ βββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββ βββ βββ βββββββ ββββββ βββββββββ βββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββββ ββββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββββ βββ ββββββ βββββ ββββββ ββββββββββ βββ ββββ βββββ βββββ ββ ββ ββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββ βββββββββββ
Recently, the high court has overturned earlier decisions. Thereβs been criticism of the court on the grounds that judgesβ willingness to follow precedent is necessary to avoid legal chaos. Tom rejects this criticism, because judges have often overturned legal precedent in the past without causing harm.
Mary agrees that judges have overturned precedent in the past, but says that this was only when the previous rulings were old and outdated. The high courtβs recent decisions overturned more recent decisions, which makes people view the law as unstable. Her implicit point is that the criticism of the courtβs recent decisions is valid.
Weβre looking for a point of disagreement. The speakers disagree about whether the criticism of the high courtβs recent decisions is valid. Tom thinks it isnβt, but Mary thinks it is.
Which one of the following ββββ ββββββββββ βββββββββ βββ βββββ ββ βββββ βββββββ βββ βββ βββββ
whether the overturning ββ ββββββ ββββ βββββ ββββββββββ ββββ ββββ βββ βββββ ββββββ
whether the overturning ββ ββββββ ββββ βββββ ββββββββββ βββ βββββββββββ βββββββββ
whether critics of ββββββ ββββ βββββ βββββββββ ββ ββββ ββββββββ βββ βββββ βββ βββββ
whether a precedent ββββ ββ βββββββ ββββββββ ββ ββ ββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββββ
whether judicial decisions ββββ ββββ βββββββββββ ββ βββββ βββ βββββββ ββββββ ββββββββ