Could be false. We know that all countries with a permanent seat are not small countries. And we also know that all small countries do not have a permanent seat. But we don't know anything else about small countries.

Could be false. We know that all countries with a permanent seat are not in the southern hemisphere. And we also know that all countries in the southern hemisphere do not have a permanent seat. But we don't know anything else about countries in the southern hemisphere.

Could be false. Although we know that all countries with a permanent seat favor increased peacekeeping, and some countries that favor increased peacekeeping are against increased spending on refugees, this doesn't imply that some countries with a permanent seat must be among the countries that are against increased spending.

Could be false. Could be false. We know that all countries with a permanent seat are not small countries. And we also know that all small countries do not have a permanent seat. But we don't know anything else about small countries.

Must be true. Here, we know that all countries with a permanent seat are in favor of a greater role for the U.N. in regional disputes. We also know that all countries with a permanent seat are not in the southern hemisphere. So this proves that there's at least one country in the world that is in favor of a greater role for the U.N. in regional disputes and that is not located in the southern hemisphere. (If All As are B and All As are C, we can conclude that Some Bs are C.)