If one of the effects of a genetic mutation makes a substantial contribution to the survival of the species, then, and only then, will that mutation be favored in natural selection. ████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ████ ████ ███ ████████ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ██ █ █████ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ ████ ███████ ██████
If one effect of a genetic mutation contributes substantially to survival of a species, that mutation will be favored in natural selection. In addition, if a mutation is favored in natural selection, that means at least one effect of that mutation contributes substantially to survival of a species.
The rules above are subject to one exception — when the effect of traits that are carried along with the genetic mutation are so negative that they cancel out the benefits of a mutation, the mutation won’t be favored.
There’s no clear inference to draw. We just need to understand the complicated rules in the stimulus accurately.
If the statements above are █████ ████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ████ ███████
A species possesses █ █████ █████ ███████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ████████ ██ ████ ████████
All the effects ██ ████ ███████ █████████ ██████████ █████████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █ ████████
A species possesses █ █████ ████ ███████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██████████
A genetic mutation ████ ███████ █████ ███████ ████████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ██████████
A genetic mutation █████ ███████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ █ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ██████████