Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. ███████ ██ ████ ███████████ █████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ████████████ ███ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ████ █████ █████ ██ █████████ ██████████ ███
Most scientists' view ·No meaningful distinction between wine and other alcoholic beverages
Hypothesis ·Wine is linked to specific biochemical mechanisms that reduce risk of heart disease
Moderate wine consumption is correlated with (1) breaking down blood clots, (2) preventing damage from high lipid levels, (3) decreased thickness of innermost walls of blood vessels, and (4) reduced platelet adhesiveness, all of which protect against heart disease
clarify hypothesis ·Wine's benefits are due to compounds found in grapes
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis
25.
Based on the passage, the ████████ ████████ ██████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██
Question Type
Author’s attitude
Implied
This Author’s Attitude question asks us to infer how the author feels about the scientists mentioned in P1. These scientists have only studied excessive or abusive alcohol intake, and have rarely studied wine independently from other forms of alcohol. The author spends the rest of the passage discussing how wine may be distinct from other forms of alcohol, and how moderate wine consumption may actually be beneficial, so we are looking for an answer that indicates that the author disagrees with these scientists.
a
highly enthusiastic
The author spends P2 and P3 opposing the findings of these scientists, so we know that the author disagrees with them. Thus, the author’s attitude can’t be described as enthusiastic.
b
tacitly approving
The author spends P2 and P3 opposing the findings of these scientists, so we know that the author disagrees with them. Thus, the author’s attitude can’t be described as approving.
c
grudgingly accepting
The author spends P2 and P3 opposing the findings of these scientists, so we know that the author disagrees with them. Thus, the author’s attitude can’t be described as accepting.
d
overtly critical
The author spends P2 and P3 demonstrating how wine may have unique health benefits, which contradicts the findings of the scientists mentioned in P1. Additionally, in P1, the author claims that the way these scientists have approached the study of alcohol has obscured the health benefits of wine. Thus, we know that the author feels openly critical toward these scientists.
e
clearly outraged
The author feels negatively toward these scientists, but outrage is too extreme. The author’s attitude is not clear outrage.
Difficulty
88% of people who answer get this correct
This is a moderately difficult question.
It is somewhat easier than other questions in this passage.
CURVE
Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right
25%139
148
75%157
Analysis
Author’s attitude
Implied
Critique or debate
Phenomenon-hypothesis
Science
Answer Popularity
PopularityAvg. score
a
1%
155
b
3%
157
c
3%
158
d
88%
167
e
4%
164
Question history
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