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Support The top 50 centimeters of soil on Tiliga Island contain bones from the native birds eaten by the islanders since the first human immigration to the island 3,000 years ago. █ ██████████ ██ ████ ███ █████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████████████████ ██ ██████████████████ ████ ███████████████████████ ████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███████ █ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ███████ ██████████ ██ █████ █████ ██████ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ████████████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ███████
Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis
The author hypothesizes that the arrival of humans on Tiliga caused a decrease in the population and diversity of the island’s bird population. As support for this hypothesis, the author compares the top 50 cm of soil (which was accumulated over the 3,000 years since humans arrived) with the lower 150 cm of soil (which was accumulated over the previous 80,000 years). This comparison showed that before humans arrived, there was a larger and more diverse bird population.
Notable Assumptions
The author assumes that it was the arrival of the humans, not something else, that caused the decline in the population and diversity of birds. It could be that some thing else led to both the arrival of the humans and the decline in the bird population. We have a correlation between the arrival of humans and decline of birds, and the author is assuming a causal connection.
4.
Which one of the following ███████████ ██ █████ ████ █████████ ███████ ███ █████████
a
The bird species █████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ ███ ███████ █████████ ██ ███████
b
Many of the ████ ███████ ████ ███████████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ █████████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███████████ ███████ █████ ████ ██████
c
The arrival of █ ███████ ██ ████████ ███████ ██ ████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ ███████████ ████████ ███ █████ █████ ███████████ ██ ███████
d
Bones from bird ███████ █████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████████████ ██ █████
e
The birds that █████ ██ ██████ █████ ██ ███ █████ █████ ███████████ █████████ ███ ███ ███ █████