PT117.S4.Q19

PrepTest 117 - Section 4 - Question 19

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Political scientist: Support All governments worthy of respect allow their citizens to dissent from governmental policies. ██ ██████████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██████ ██████████ ████████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████████ ██████████ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████

Method of Reasoning

As shown below, the political scientist provides two conditional facts as premises:

If a government is worthy of respect, it allows dissent.

If a government is worthy of respect, it protects minorities.

Based on these conditions, the political scientist concludes that all governments that protect minorities allow dissent.

Identify and Describe Flaw

This is an invalid argument form! Just because one subset of governments (the set of governments that are worthy of respect) both allow dissent and protect minorities, does not mean that every government that protects minorities must also allow dissent. Maybe there are some unrespectable governments that protect minorities but prohibit dissent!

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19.

The flawed pattern of reasoning ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████ █████████

a

Politicians are admirable ██ ████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ████ █████ █████ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ███ █████████ ██████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ████████████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █ █████ ███████ ███████████ ███ ████ ███ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ████ █████ █████ █████ ████

b

All jazz musicians ███ ███████ ██ ███████████ ███ ██ ████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███████ ██████ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ███ ████ █████ ███ ██████████

c

Ecosystems with cool, ███ ████████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ████████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ████████ ███ ██████ █████ █████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████ ███ ████████ ████ ████████ ███ ██████ █████ █████

d

Some intellectuals are ███ ████████ ███████ ███ ██ ████████████ ██ █ ████████████ ████████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ███████ ██ ████████ ███████

e

First-person narratives reveal ███ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ███████ █████ ██ ███ █████ ███████████ ████ ████████████ ██████████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ██████████ ████ █████ ████ ████ ██ ██████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ████████ ██████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ███████

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