Self-study
Support Experimental psychology requires the application of statistics to interpret empirical data and assess their significance. █ ██████ ████ ███ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ████ ████████████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ███ ████ ████████ ███ ███ ██ ███████████ ███ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ████████████ ███████████
Method of Reasoning
It’s not possible to understand statistical applications in experimental psychology without training in statistics, so the more that someone has been trained in statistics, the better they’ll be at research in experimental psychology.
Identify and Describe Flaw
Just because you have to have training in statistics to understand experimental psychology, that doesn’t necessarily mean that the more training you’ve had in statistics, the better you’ll be at research in experimental psychology. It’s entirely possible that someone could train in statistics for a long time and still be worse at experimental psychology than someone who has only trained for a short period.
21.
Which one of the following █████████ ████████ █ ██████ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████
a
Most people need ███ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ ███████ ███ ████ ██████ █████████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ███ ████ ████ ███ ███████ █ ██████ █████████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████ ████ ███
Just because people need love and support to prevent sadness, that doesn’t necessarily mean that the more love and support you have, the happier you’ll be. Someone could have ample love and support and be more unhappy than someone with only a little love and support. (A) mirrors the flaw in the stimulus, where increasing one variable doesn’t necessarily increase another.
b
Since in most ████ █████ ███ ██████ ████ ██ ██████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ████ █████████ ██████████ ██ █ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ █████ ██████ ████ ███
No flaw. If most jobs have annual wage or salary increases, it follows that, in a typical job, the longer you’ve worked, the higher your income.
c
The main cause ██ █████ ███████ ██ █████████████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ █████████ ██ ████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ███ ██ ██ ████ ███ █████████████████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████ ██ ██████ █ █████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ██████
No flaw. If arteriosclerosis is the main cause of heart attacks, and arteriosclerosis develops over time, it follows that if one’s at risk for arteriosclerosis, their odds of having a heart attack increase as time goes on.
d
Since many disease █████████ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███ ███████████ █████████ ███ ████ ███ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████████████ ███ ████ █████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███ ██ ████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████ ███ ██ ████ ██ ██████ █████████
Wrong flaw. (D) erroneously includes the idea of mastering medicine to its conclusion, even though it’s not clear that understanding the explanation for many diseases is required to master medicine. Also, (D) makes the erroneous assumption that one has to be trained in chemistry to understand it. However, (D) does not mirror the flaw in the stimulus, where increasing one variable doesn’t necessarily increase another.
e
Since most disease █████████ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████████ ██ █████████ ████ ██████ ███ ██ ██████████ ████ █████████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██ ████ ██ ██████ █████████
Wrong flaw. (E) erroneously assumes that being trained in chemistry and, therefore, being able to understand most diseases, is all that’s required to master medicine, even though it’s not clear that simply understanding most diseases allows one to master medicine. However, (E) doesn’t mirror the flaw in the stimulus, where increasing one variable doesn’t necessarily increase another.