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Explanations

PT120.S4.Q19

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 2 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

PASSAGE 2
Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11

PASSAGE 3
Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18

PASSAGE 4
Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 3 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 4 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

PrepTest 120 - Section 4 - Question 19

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Fishing columnist: When an independent research firm compared the five best-selling baits, Support it found that Benton baits work best for catching trout. ██ █████ █ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ███ ███ ████ ████████████ █████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ████████ █████ ██ █ ████████ ████████ ███████ ███ █████ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ███████ ████ █ ██████ █████ █████ ███████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ██ ███████ ███ ██████

Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis

The columnist concludes that Benton is the best bait for anyone who is fishing for trout. Why? Because an independent research firm found it to be the best of the 5 top-selling baits in an experiment. The experiment was conducted by top anglers who fished for speckled trout in a pristine northern stream.

Identify and Describe Flaw

This is the cookie-cutter flaw of making a hasty generalization. The columnist concludes that Benton baits are universally the best for catching trout. But his basis for doing so is an experiment that only measures the five top-selling baits, only tests them in a pristine stream with top anglers, and only attempts to catch speckled trout.

Analysis by TheodoreMalter

Show answer

19.

Each of the following describes █ ████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████████ ████████ ███████

The argument overlooks ███ ███████████ ████ ████ █████ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ████ ███ ██ ███ ████ ████████████ ██████

The test cited by the columnist only examined the five best-selling baits. A less popular bait could be more effective—which would undermine the conclusion.

The argument overlooks ███ ███████████ ████ ████ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ███████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ███ ████████ ████████

The test cited by the columnist was conducted by expert anglers. If ordinary anglers differ from experts, we can’t be sure the results will apply to them.

The argument overlooks ███ ███████████ ████ ███ ████████ █████████████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████ ████ ████ ██ █████████ ██████████

The test cited by the columnist only examined a pristine northern stream—results might different in non-pristine, non-northern streams.

The argument overlooks ███ ███████████ ████ ███ ████████████ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ██ ███████ ██████████

The columnist does consider this possibility: the test compared the five best-selling brands of bait.

The argument overlooks ███ ███████████ ████ █████ ████ ████ ████ ████ █ ██████████ ███████ ██ ████ ███ ███ ████ ████ ████ █████ █████████ ██ ████ █████

The test cited by the columnist only examined speckled trout. Bait efficacy might differ for other varieties of trout.

Difficulty

Question

68% of people who answer get this correct

This is a difficult question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 141

153

75% 164

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Except (LR)

Stems featuring the word EXCEPT, flipping the default status of right & wrong answers.

Flaw or descriptive weakening

Stems that ask us to articulate a flaw in the stimulus' argument, either in abstract terms or by pointing out a weakness.

Stimulus Tags

Causal reasoning

Stimuli that feature the logic of causation (e.g. phenomenon-hypothesis, causal chain, experiments).

Link assumption

Arguments that feature an unjustified shift from one concept to another, which don't fit neatly into other common flaw categories (e.g. moving from premises about "houses" to a conclusion about "dwellings").

Sampling

Stimuli that take data from a small pool (e.g. college students) and draw conclusions about a larger pool (e.g. people in general), where the sample pool may be unrepresentative of the broader pool (e.g. measuring science literacy).

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

155

154

68%

163

23%

159

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