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Support Theories generated by scientific research were used to develop several products that, although useful, damage the environment severely. ███ ██████████ ███ █████████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██████ ███ ██ ████ ███████████ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ████ ██████ █████████ ███ ████████ ███ █████ ███████ ███████ ███ ████████ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ █████ █████ █████████
Summary
Scientists who conducted research that generated theories that were used to develop products that damaged the environment shouldn’t be held responsible for that damage. Why? They only made the theories and couldn’t anticipate or limit the products that might be designed using those theories.
Missing Connection
The author concludes that the scientists shouldn’t be held responsible for the damages caused by the products created using their theories, but the premises never mention responsibility.
How to get from premises to conclusion? According to the premises, the scientists couldn’t foresee or restrict the products the kinds of products that may be designed using their theories. We can infer the conclusion if we assume that if you can’t foresee and/or restrict possible damaging actions of others that were carried out using your idea(s), you shouldn’t be held responsible for the damaging actions.
9.
Which one of the following ███████████ ██ ████████████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ██████
a
Individuals who develop █████████ ████ ███ █████████ ███████████████ ██████ ███ ██ ████ ███████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ███████████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ██ ██████████ █████
b
Individuals are justified ██ ██████████ ██ ████████ ████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ███████████ ███████████ ████████████ ████ ██ ████ █████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████████████
c
Individuals should receive ██████ ███ ███ ███████████ █████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████ ██ █████ ███████████ ███ ██ ██ ████ ███████████ ███ ███ █████████████ ███████████ ████████████ █████ ██████████ █████ █████
d
Individuals who perform ██ ████████ ██████ ███ ██ ████ ███████████ ███ ███ ██████████ ███████████ ████████████ ████ █████ ████ ███ ███ ██ █████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ████ █████████
e
Individuals should be ████ ███████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ███████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ███████ ███ ███████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████████ █████████ ████████████ ██ █████ ███████████