Self-study
P1
Although the rights of native peoples of Canada have yet to be comprehensively defined in Canadian law, most native Canadians assert that their rights include the right not only to govern themselves and their land, but also to exercise ownership rights over movable cultural property—artifacts ranging from domestic implements to ceremonial costumes. ███
Native Canadians' perspective ·
Natives have right to own movable cultural property
Example: Domestic implements, ceremonial costumes.
Current law ·
Statute and common law puts ownership of movable property with current owners, not Native Canadians
Recent litigation is questioning this ownership.
P2
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Basis of current ownership rules ·
Private property can be owned by individuals or groups functioning as individuals
Encourages right of individual owners to use property as they see fit.
New perspective in litigation ·
Collective ownership
Each member of a community has an equal say regarding use of the community's resources.
P3
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Problem for new perspective ·
Legal documents to support property ownership; Native Canadians usually don't have these, but museums do
Solution ·
Courts will become more aware that collective property exists
This will lead to recognition that Native Canadians should own their movable cultural property.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
17.
Given the information in the ████████ ████████ ██████ ███████ █ ███████ ████ ███████ ████████ ████████ ███████ █ ██████ ███ █ █████ ██ ██████ █████████ ████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ██ █████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ █ ██████████ ██████ ███ ████████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██████
a
The museum is ████ ██ ███████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████████
We have no reason to think courts would find (A) less compelling in the future. The author indicates that natives’ lack of evidence of ownership will be a less compelling piece of evidence. But evidence that the natives did not have original ownership is different. “Natives can’t prove they own X” is different from “There’s evidence the natives didn’t own X.”
b
The museum cannot ███████ ███████ █████████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ █████████
This confuses natives with the museum. The fact natives can’t produce written evidence of ownership will be a less compelling reason to rule in favor of the museum. But the museum’s lack of evidence is a different issue.
c
The group of ██████ █████████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ █████ ██████████
The fact natives can’t produce written evidence will be a less compelling reason to rule in favor of the museum. But if natives can produce such evidence, we have no reason to think the court would find this less compelling.
d
The group of ██████ █████████ ██████ ███████ ███████ █████████████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ █████████
The author suggests courts will treat (D) as a less compelling reason to favor the museum. Currently the fact that natives rarely possess evidence of ownership makes courts more likely to rule in favor of the museum. But
e
The group of ██████ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █ █████ ████ ███████ █ █████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ █████████
The fact groups of native Canadians don’t have the concept of private property isn’t one of the reasons courts currently find in favor of museums. Rather, it’s the natives’ lack of evidence of ownership that leads courts to find in favor of museums. So what (E) describes can’t become a less compelling reason for deciding in the museum’s favor, because it isn’t even a reason in the first place.