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Gamba: Muñoz claims that the Southwest Hopeville Neighbors Association overwhelmingly opposes the new water system, citing this as evidence of citywide opposition. The association did pass a resolution opposing the new water system, but only 25 of 350 members voted, with 10 in favor of the system. Furthermore, the 15 opposing votes represent far less than 1 percent of Hopeville's population. One should not assume that so few votes represent the view of the majority of Hopeville's residents.
20.
Of the following, which one most accurately describes Gamba's strategy of argumentation?
a
questioning a conclusion based on the results of a vote, on the grounds that people with certain views are more likely to vote
b
questioning a claim supported by statistical data by arguing that statistical data can be manipulated to support whatever view the interpreter wants to support
c
attempting to refute an argument by showing that, contrary to what has been claimed, the truth of the premises does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion
d
criticizing a view on the grounds that the view is based on evidence that is in principle impossible to disconfirm
e
attempting to cast doubt on a conclusion by claiming that the statistical sample on which the conclusion is based is too small to be dependable