PT123.S2.Q21 > Explanation

SECTION 1 · rc

PASSAGE 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6

PASSAGE 2

Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13

PASSAGE 3

Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20

PASSAGE 4

Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 3 · lr

SECTION 4 · rc

PASSAGE 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8

PASSAGE 2

Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14

PASSAGE 3

Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22

PASSAGE 4

Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

The driver infers a cause— that trading his sports car for a minivan will cause him to have a lower chance of getting in an accident— from a mere correlation— that minivans have lower accident rates than sports cars.

This is the cookie-cutter flaw of using an unrepresentative sample. The driver doesn’t mention any samples at all.

The driver says switching to a minivan will lower his accident risk, not eliminate it. Also, his research never shows that a result is likely. It shows that minivans have lower accident rates overall, not that an individual driver is likely to have fewer accidents in a minivan.

This is the cookie-cutter flaw of confusing sufficiency and necessity. The driver doesn’t make this mistake. He mistakenly assumes that driving a minivan is sufficient for lowering his chance of getting into an accident, but he never confuses this for a necessary condition.

The driver relies on his research about the accident rates of minivans, large sedans, and sports cars. We can’t assume that this research is probably not well-informed.

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PrepTest 123 - Section 2 - Question 21

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